Based on $P_{1/2}$ values, relative affinities of alginate, polyguluronate, and polymannuronate for metal ions are, in order, as follows; 1) seaweed alginate: $Cu^{2+}$ > $Cd^{2+}$ > $Pb^{2+}$ > $Fe^{3+}$ >> $Zn^{2+}$ > $Sr^{2+}$...
Based on $P_{1/2}$ values, relative affinities of alginate, polyguluronate, and polymannuronate for metal ions are, in order, as follows; 1) seaweed alginate: $Cu^{2+}$ > $Cd^{2+}$ > $Pb^{2+}$ > $Fe^{3+}$ >> $Zn^{2+}$ > $Sr^{2+}$ > $Ca^{2+}$ > $Co^{2+}$ >> $Cr^{6+}$ > $Mn^{2+}$ >> $Hg^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Rb^+$, 2) polyguluronate: $Cd^{2+}$ > $Cu^{2+}$ > $Pb^{2+}$ > $Fe^{3+}$ >> $Ca^{2+}$ > $Sr^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ >> $Mn^{2+}$ > $Cr^{6+}$ >> $Hg^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Rb^+$, and 3) polymannuronate: $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$ > $Fe^{3+}$ > $Pb^{2+}$ > $Ca^{2+}$ > $Zn^{2+}$ > $Sr^{2+}$ > $Co^{2+}$ > $Cr^{6+}$ >> $Mn^{2+}$ >> $Hg^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Rb^+$. Amounts of the metal ions, $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Fe^{3+}$, $Pb^{2+}$, and $Zn^{2+}$, bound to 1 g of seaweed alginate, were measured as $363.5{\pm}45.0$, $226.3{\pm}9.2$, $1,299.4{\pm}$81.3, 500.7${\pm}$27.7, and 165.9${\pm}$11.4 mg, respectively. Amounts of the metal ions, $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Fe^{3+}$, $Pb^{2+}$, and $Zn^{2+}$, bound to 1g of polyguluronate, were 354.5${\pm}$26.5, 177.6${\pm}$8.7, 1,288.6${\pm}$60.1, 424.0${\pm}$7.4, and 140.2${\pm}$28.5 mg, respectively, whereas those bound to 1 g of polymannuronate were 329.0${\pm}$10.3, 206.9${\pm}$1.9, 1,635.6${\pm}$11.1, 419.8${\pm}$12.6, and 251.0${\pm}$49.1 mg, respectively. Due to its higher solubility than alginate and higher affinity for metal ions than polyguluronate, polymannuronate can be used for bioremediation or biosorption of toxic and/or noble metal ions.
Based on $P_{1/2}$ values, relative affinities of alginate, polyguluronate, and polymannuronate for metal ions are, in order, as follows; 1) seaweed alginate: $Cu^{2+}$ > $Cd^{2+}$ > $Pb^{2+}$ > $Fe^{3+}$ >> $Zn^{2+}$ > $Sr^{2+}$ > $Ca^{2+}$ > $Co^{2+}$ >> $Cr^{6+}$ > $Mn^{2+}$ >> $Hg^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Rb^+$, 2) polyguluronate: $Cd^{2+}$ > $Cu^{2+}$ > $Pb^{2+}$ > $Fe^{3+}$ >> $Ca^{2+}$ > $Sr^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ >> $Mn^{2+}$ > $Cr^{6+}$ >> $Hg^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Rb^+$, and 3) polymannuronate: $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$ > $Fe^{3+}$ > $Pb^{2+}$ > $Ca^{2+}$ > $Zn^{2+}$ > $Sr^{2+}$ > $Co^{2+}$ > $Cr^{6+}$ >> $Mn^{2+}$ >> $Hg^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Rb^+$. Amounts of the metal ions, $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Fe^{3+}$, $Pb^{2+}$, and $Zn^{2+}$, bound to 1 g of seaweed alginate, were measured as $363.5{\pm}45.0$, $226.3{\pm}9.2$, $1,299.4{\pm}$81.3, 500.7${\pm}$27.7, and 165.9${\pm}$11.4 mg, respectively. Amounts of the metal ions, $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Fe^{3+}$, $Pb^{2+}$, and $Zn^{2+}$, bound to 1g of polyguluronate, were 354.5${\pm}$26.5, 177.6${\pm}$8.7, 1,288.6${\pm}$60.1, 424.0${\pm}$7.4, and 140.2${\pm}$28.5 mg, respectively, whereas those bound to 1 g of polymannuronate were 329.0${\pm}$10.3, 206.9${\pm}$1.9, 1,635.6${\pm}$11.1, 419.8${\pm}$12.6, and 251.0${\pm}$49.1 mg, respectively. Due to its higher solubility than alginate and higher affinity for metal ions than polyguluronate, polymannuronate can be used for bioremediation or biosorption of toxic and/or noble metal ions.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
가설 설정
About 80% of alginate, polyguluronate, and polymannuronate in the mixture were precipitated by 25 mM CaCl2 and more than 60% of these biopolymers were precipitated by 10 mM CaCl2, as shown in Fig. 1. The relative affinity of calcium ions for polymannuronate was higher than those for alginate and polyguluronate. More than 80% of alginate, polyguluronate, and polymannuronate in the mixture were precipitated by 25 mM CdCl2.
About 90% of alginate and polymannuronate in the mixture were precipitated by 20 mM CoCl2, whereas less than 80% polyguluronate was precipitated by the same concentration of CoCl2, as shown in Fig. 3. The relative affinity of cobalt ions for polyguluronate was lower than those for alginate and polymannuronate.
, as shown in Fig. 4. The relative affinity of chromium ions for polyguluronate was also lower than those for alginate and polymannuronate. About 90% of alginate and polymannuronate and 85% of polyguluronate in the mixture were precipitated by less than 5 mM CuCl2, as shown Fig.
More than 90% of alginate and polymannuronate in the mixture were precipitated by 5 mM FeCld, whereas about 75% of polyguluronate was precipitated by the same concentration of FeCl3, as shown in Fig. 6. The relative affinity of ferric ion for polyguluronate at low concentration was lower than those for alginate and polymannuronate.
, as shown in Fig. 7. The affinity of manganese ions for polyguluronate was higher than those for alginate and polymannuronate. About 80% of alginate, polyguluronate and polymannuronate in the mixture were precipitated by 5 mM PbCl2, as shown in Fig.
대상 데이터
Amounts of CdCl2, CuCl2, FeCl3, PbCl2, and ZnCl2 bound to 1 g of alginate, polyguluronate, and polymannuronate were examined. The concentration of cadmium chloride ranged from 0 to 1,000 µg/ml.
Metal salts were dissolved in deionized water at concentrations of 0 to 100 or 500 mM with 4 intermediate concentrations. Metal salts used in this study were CaCl2, CdCl2, CoCl2, CrCl6, CuCl2, FeCl3, HgCl2, MgCl2, MnCl2, PbCl2, RbCl, SrCl2, and ZnCl2. All metal salts were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co.
The relative abilities of metal ions to precipitate alginate, polyguluronate and polymannuronate were examined. Metals used in this study were CaCl2, CdCl2, CoCl2, CrCl6, CuCl2, FeCl3, HgCl2, MgCl2, MnCl2, PbCl2, RbCl, SrCl2, and ZnCl2. About 80% of alginate, polyguluronate, and polymannuronate in the mixture were precipitated by 25 mM CaCl2 and more than 60% of these biopolymers were precipitated by 10 mM CaCl2, as shown in Fig.
이론/모형
Unbound metal ions in the supernatant were removed by NAPTM 25 columns (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech AB, Sweden). The concentrations of polymers in each supernatant were measured by the phenol-sulfuric acid method [3]. The concentration of precipitated polymers was calculated and its value was used to determine the relative affinity of alginate, polyguluronate, and polymannuronate for metal ions.
성능/효과
About 90% of alginate and polymannuronate and 85% of polyguluronate in the mixture were precipitated by less than 5 mM CuCl2, as shown Fig. 5. Copper ions as well as cadmium ions showed a relatively high affinity for alginate, polyguluronate, and polymannuronate. More than 90% of alginate and polymannuronate in the mixture were precipitated by 5 mM FeCld, whereas about 75% of polyguluronate was precipitated by the same concentration of FeCl3, as shown in Fig.
About 80% of alginate, polyguluronate and polymannuronate in the mixture were precipitated by 5 mM PbCl2, as shown in Fig. 8. Lead ions, as well cadmium and copper ions, showed relatively high affinity for alginate, polyguluronate, and polymannuronate. Similar amounts of alginate, polyguluronate, and polymannuronate were precipitated by the same concentration of lead ions.
, as shown in Fig. 9. More than 90% of alginate and polymannuronate were precipitated by 10 mM ZnCl2, whereas less than 70% of polyguluronate was precipitated by the same concentration of ZnCl2, as shown in Fig. 10.
참고문헌 (27)
Darnall, D. W., B. Greene, M. T. Henzl, T. M. Hosea, R. A. McPherson, J. Sneddon, and M. D. Alexander. 1986. Selective recovery of gold and other metal ions from an algal biomass. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 206-208
Cho, K. J., Y. J. Choi, S. C. Ahn, M. Y. Baik, and B. Y. Kim. 2008. Encapsulation with oyster hydrolysate using alginate. J. Life Sci. 18, 708-714
Dubois, M., K. A. Gillus, J. K. Hamilton, P. A. Rebers, and F. Smith. 1956. Colorimetric method for sugars and related substances. Anal. Chem. 28, 350-356
Gacesa, P., A Squire, and P. J. Winterburn. 1983. The determination of the uronic acid composition of alginates by anion-exchange liquid chromatography. Carbohydr. Res. 118, 1-8
Greene, B., M. T. Henzl, J. M. Hosea, and D. W. Darnall. 1986. Elimination of biocarbonate interference in the binding of U(VI) in mill-waters to freeze-dried Chlorella vugaris. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 28, 764-767
Jang, L. K., W. R. Brand, M. Resong, W. Mainieri, and G. G.. Geesey. 1990. Feasibility of using alginate to absorb dissolved copper. Water Res. 24, 889-897
Lee, D. S., H. R. Kim, and J. H. Pyeun. 1998. Effect of low-molecularization on rheological properties of alginate. J. Kor. Fish. Soc. 31, 82-89
Lee, D. S., M. K. Shin, J. H. Pyen, and J. W. Lee. 2009. A simple method for isolation of polymannuronate and polyguluronate from alginate hydrolyzed by organic acids. J. Life Sci. 19, 34-39
Lee, M. G., K. T. Park, and S. K. Kam. 1998. Biosorption of copper by immobilized biomass of marine brown algae (Phaeophyta) Hizikia fusiformis. J. Life Sci. 8, 208-215
Lin, T. and W. Z. Hassid. 1966. Pathway of alginic acid synthesis in the marine brown alga, Fucus gardneri silva. J. Biol. Chem. 241, 5284-5297
Morris, E. R., D. A. Rees, and D. Thorn. 1978. Chiroptical and stoichiomtric evidence of specific primary dimerization process in alginate gelation. Carbohydr. Res. 66, 145-154
Suh, J. H., M. K. Suh, and Y. H. Lee. 2006. Biosorption model and factors for removing lead to Aureobasidium pullulans being imperfect fungus. J. Life Sci. 16, 877-883
Voragen, A. G. J., H. A. Schols, J. A. De Vries, and W. Pilnik. 1982. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of uronic acids and oligogalacturonic acids. J. Chromat. 244, 327-336
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.