[논문]입제비료 살포기의 출구조절에 의한 균일도의 분석과 제어

Kweon, G.; Grift, Tony E.; Miclet, Denis; Virin, Teddy; Piron, Emmanuel

doi:10.5307/jbe.2009.34.2.095

입제비료 살포기의 출구조절에 의한 균일도의 분석과 제어
Analysis and Control of Uniformity by the Feed Gate Adaptation of a Granular Spreader 원문보기

바이오시스템공학 = Journal of biosystems engineering, v.34 no.2, 2009년, pp.95 - 105

Kweon, G. (Veris Technologies) , Grift, Tony E. (Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois) , Miclet, Denis (Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CEMAGREF)) , Virin, Teddy (Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CEMAGREF)) , Piron, Emmanuel (Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CEMAGREF))

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

A method was proposed which employed control of the drop location of fertilizer particles on a spinner disc to optimize the spread pattern uniformity. The system contained an optical sensor as a feedback mechanism, which measured discharge velocity and location, as well as particle diameters to predict a spread pattern of a single disc. Simulations showed that the feed gate adaptation algorithm produced high quality patterns for any given application rate in the dual disc spreader. The performance of the feed gate control method was assessed using data collected from a Sulky spinner disc spreader. The results showed that it was always possible to find a spread pattern with an acceptable CV lower than 15%, even though the spread pattern was obtained from a rudimentary flat disc with straight radial vanes. A mathematical optimization method was used to find the initial parameter settings for a specially designed experimental spreading arrangement, which included the feed gate control system, for a given flow rate and swath width. Several experiments were carried out to investigate the relationship between the gate opening and flow rate, disc speed and particle velocity, as well as disc speed and predicted landing location of fertilizer particles. All relationships found were highly linear ($r^2$ > 0.96), which showed that the time-of-flight sensor was well suited as a feedback sensor in the rate and uniformity controlled spreading system.

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문제 정의

This paper describes the analysis and control of uniformity for a spinning disc granular fertilizer spreader. Simulations showed that it is possible to obtain highly uniform patterns by rotating the drop location of the fertilizer particles about the center of the disc.

가설 설정

In this study, only a rectangular field with a parallel driving path was considered. For the experiment, the prescribed application rate was set to 200 kg/ha, the working width was set to 10 m and the tractor speed was assumed constant at 7 km/h.

제안 방법

Since the feed gate and the time-of-flight sensor play an important role in the development of the experiment arrangement, key parts were evaluated individually. To test the feed gate function, a test was carried out to establish the relationship between the gate opening and the flow rate.
The objectives of this stucfy were to evaluate the performance of the feed gate adaptation algorithm developed by Kweon and Grift (2006) using a dual disc spreader type test bed, and to develop a generic platform which allows implementing feed gate control algorithms.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of the feed gate adaptation algorithm using a dual disc spreader type test bed, and to develop a generic platfonn which allows implementing feed gate control algorithms as well as studying fundamental particle behavior on the disc.
during calibration tests. This research aims to replace this manual adjustment by a feedback-controlled system that automatically finds the correct gate angle setting for any chosen application rate at an optimal uniformity.
key parts were evaluated individually. To test the feed gate function, a test was carried out to establish the relationship between the gate opening and the flow rate. Figure 15 shows the result in which the relationship between feed gate openings and flow rate was found to be linear with r2 = 0.

이론/모형

In the validation, these values are obtained from a sensor, developed by (Grift and Hofstee, 1997) who used it to predict the spread pattern of a single disc fertilizer spreader (Grift and Hofstee, 2002). In the center of the sensor, a 12-bit absolute angle rotary encoder (AG 612 WKRP4096 GRAY, Max Stegmann GmbH, Germany) was mounted, which measured the mole of the sensor relative to the center of the disc.
2) was combined with a mirror image pattern from the second disc (Kweon and Grift, 2006). The landing locations were computed using a ballistic model (Mennel and Reece, 1963), which accepted the simulated discharge velocity and location as well as the particle diameter as inputs.
Even though the PVC tube was used to reduce the variability in drop location, the spread pattern was influenced. This test confirmed that to obtain highly uniform patterns, there is a need for a feedback controlled system that uses the feed gate adaptation algorithm. Table 2 shows how the change in flow rate affects the measurements by the optical sensor.

성능/효과

(1) The feed gate adaptation algorithm tested on a Sulky half section spreader with a single flat disc with straight radial vanes produced a higher quality spread pattern with 15% CV from the original, uncontrolled pattern with 27% CV.
width is shown in Figure 14. It is clear that the uniformity has greatly improved compared to the original 14 deg gate setting version (Fig. 12), not only locally at 10 m where the CV is 15%, but the pattern has a lower CV for a range of swath widths, which makes it more robust.
Test results showed that the change of flow rate did not affect the measurement of diameter, velocity, and landing location by the sensor; however, for higher flow rates the resulting spread pattern rotated around the disc center. Even though the PVC tube was used to reduce the variability in drop location, the spread pattern was influenced.
rate and swath width. The experiment result showed that the CV of the spread pattern at the chosen swath width was acceptable (9% CV).
at identical rotational velocities. Therefore, it was valid to assume that the patterns from both discs were mirror images and the quality plots became symmetric. However, it is conceivable that in the future asymmetric patterns are required, particularly for border spreading, to avoid waterways and other environmentally sensitive areas.

참고문헌 (18)

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