[논문]CCD Signal Processing for Optimal Non-Uniformity Correction

Kong, Jong-Pil; Lee, Song-Jae

doi:10.7780/kjrs.2010.26.6.645

CCD Signal Processing for Optimal Non-Uniformity Correction 원문보기

대한원격탐사학회지 = Korean journal of remote sensing, v.26 no.6, 2010년, pp.645 - 652

Kong, Jong-Pil (Korea Aerospace Research Institute) , Lee, Song-Jae (Dept. of Electronics Engineering, Chungnam National University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The performance of the payload Electro-Optical System (EOS) in satellite system is affected by various factors, such as optics design, camera electronics design, and the characteristics of the CCD (Charge Coupled Device) used, etc. Of these factors, the camera electronics design is somewhat unique in that its operational parameters can be adjusted even after the satellite launch. In this paper, the effect of video gain on the non-uniformity correction performance is addressed. And a new optimal non-uniformity correction scheme is proposed and analyzed using the data from real camera electronics unit based on a TDI (Time Delayed Integration) type of CCD. The test results show that the performance of the conventional non-uniformity correction scheme is affected significantly when the video gain is added. On the other hand, in our proposed scheme, the performance is not dependent on the video gain. The insensitivity of the non-uniformity performance on the video-gain is mainly due to the fact that the correction is performed after the dark signal is subtracted from system response.

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문제 정의

It is noted that the non-uniformity correction should be done in orbit because, when the non-uniformity performance is poor, the subsequent data compression removes dominantly the high spatial frequency components and thereby changes the characteristics of the original image (Majid and Raul 1991). In this paper, we discuss the in-orbit non-uniformity correction with video gain applied and propose the optimized correction scheme to avoid the adverse effect due to the applied video gain. For the verification we analyzed the real measurement data from the CEU, which was built based on the CCD module from Fairchild Imaging.

가설 설정

It is noted, however, that the VGA introduces noises that increase exponentially with the applied video gain as shown in Fig. 3. Thus, it would be, in general, better not to use it unless required in certain reasons. It is noted that on-board corrections such as the dark signal correction, non-uniformity corrections were not performed to obtain the raw image data that has been used in the analysis.

제안 방법

In this paper, we discuss the in-orbit non-uniformity correction with video gain applied and propose the optimized correction scheme to avoid the adverse effect due to the applied video gain. For the verification we analyzed the real measurement data from the CEU, which was built based on the CCD module from Fairchild Imaging. The test result shows that the non-uniformity performance is degraded significantly in the conventional scheme by the video gain but is not affected in the proposed scheme.
7 shows the improved non-uniformity correction scheme proposed in this study. In this scheme, DSNU, non-uniformity under the dark condition, is corrected first after subtracting the dark signal level from each pixel and making the system response more linear, and next PRNU, non-uniformity under light illumination, is corrected. In addition, we used a digital video gain G_x inside CSP, instead of analog video gain that would induce extra noise.
We showed that performance of the non-uniformity correction becomes poor in the conventional scheme as a result of the offset when video gain is applied, whereas the non-uniformity is constant in proposed scheme regardless of the video gain applied. It is noted, however, that the proposed scheme assumed the perfect removal of the dark signal in order to make the system response linear. But this assumption is hardly implemented in real hardware and this aspect should be addressed in practical application.
6. It is noted, in this scheme, an additional multiplication process is required in the offset parameter calculation using a modification factor that is a function of the applied video gain in order to accommodate the modification. In Fig.

성능/효과

The test result shows that the non-uniformity performance is degraded significantly in the conventional scheme by the video gain but is not affected in the proposed scheme. The improved performance in the proposed scheme is mainly due to the fact that the nonuniformity correction is performed after the dark signal correction, in which the dark signal is subtracted from the measured data so that the system response is more linear and thus the adverse effect of the offset on the non-uniformity correction is minimized.

참고문헌 (12)

Albert, J. P. T., 1996. Solid-State Imaging with Charge-Coupled Device (Kluwer Academic Publisher), P.219.
ESA/SCC group, 1993. Electro-Optical Test Methods for Charge Coupled Device, P23-24.
Fairchild Imaging, 2004.CCD5045 Time Delay Integration Line Scan Sensor data sheet.
Gerald, C. H., 2002. Electro-Optical Imaging System Performance (SPIE), P.320.
Gerald, C. Holst, 1998. CCD Arrays, Cameras, and Displays (SPIE Optical Eng. Press), P.123.
Heli, T. Hytti, 2005. "Characterization of digital image noise properties based on RAW data" SPIE and IS&T.
James, R. Janesick, 2001. Scientific Charge-Coupled Devices, Bellingham (SPIE).
John, G. Harris and Yu-Ming, Chiang, 1999. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 8(8).
Majid, R. and Raul, W. J., 1991. Digital Image Compression Techniques (SPIE), P.102.
R. Srour, 1988. Proceeding of the IEEE, P1143-1469.
Tao, Li, Mingyi, He, Ning, Lei, Chunmei, Li, and Qingyuan Wang, 2009. ICIEA2009, p.1483.
Yaobo, J., Shuangcheng, R., Huixin, Z., and Chengxiang, L., 2006. Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation.

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CCD Signal Processing for Optimal Non-Uniformity Correction 원문보기

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