[국내논문]새만금간척지의 토양염농도와 지하수위의 하계 상승이 이식한 과수의 생육에 미치는 영향 Effect of Soil Salinity and Soil-wetting by Summer-Rising of Water Table on the Growth of Fruit Trees Transplanted at the Saemangeum Reclaimed Tidal Land in Korea원문보기
최근 조성된 새만금간척지의 범용화의 일환으로 과수원조성 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 사과, 배, 복숭아, 포도, 무화과, 블루베리 등 6개 수종을 식재하였다. 2009년 5월 31일 이식한 과수묘목은 초기에 활착이 양호한 편이었으나 점차 고사주의 발생이 심화되면서 월동전 10월 말에는 생존율이 사과 4~28%, 배 6~25%, 복숭아 0%, 포도 83~88%, 무화과 25~39%, 불루베리 0~3%로 급격히 감소하였고 신초장도 정지되거나 고사하였다. 이처럼 고사주가 많이 발생한 원인은 토양염농도가 전 생유기간 중 토양 EC가 3.0 dS $m^{-1}$이하로 낮게 유지되어 염해 발생가능성이 적은 반면에 여름강우기 높은 토양수분조건과 호우시 정체수가 많이 발생하여 생긴 침수해로 추정된다. 새만금토양은 투수계수가 121 cm $day^{-1}$로 정체수가 생길 가능성이 적은데도 불구하고 정체수에 의한 침수해가 발생하는 것은 여름장마기에 지하수위의 상승과 토양의 수분포화도가 높아짐에 따라 토양의 강우수용능력이 10~24 mm 정도로 급격히 줄어들기 때문에 적은 강우량에도 정체수가 많이 발생하는 간척지의 특성 때문에 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 이식묘목이 전멸한 복숭아는 습해에 약한 생리적 특성, 거의 전멸에 가까운 높은 고사율을 보인 블루베리는 산성토양을 좋아하는 생리적 특성 때문에 알칼리성의 간척지 특성(pH 8.0-8.4)에 적응하지 못하여 생긴 결과로 해석된다. 따라서 새만금 간척지에서의 과수원조성은 제염과 더불어 배수문 제가 선결되는 것이 가장 중요한 사항으로 추정된다.
최근 조성된 새만금간척지의 범용화의 일환으로 과수원조성 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 사과, 배, 복숭아, 포도, 무화과, 블루베리 등 6개 수종을 식재하였다. 2009년 5월 31일 이식한 과수묘목은 초기에 활착이 양호한 편이었으나 점차 고사주의 발생이 심화되면서 월동전 10월 말에는 생존율이 사과 4~28%, 배 6~25%, 복숭아 0%, 포도 83~88%, 무화과 25~39%, 불루베리 0~3%로 급격히 감소하였고 신초장도 정지되거나 고사하였다. 이처럼 고사주가 많이 발생한 원인은 토양염농도가 전 생유기간 중 토양 EC가 3.0 dS $m^{-1}$이하로 낮게 유지되어 염해 발생가능성이 적은 반면에 여름강우기 높은 토양수분조건과 호우시 정체수가 많이 발생하여 생긴 침수해로 추정된다. 새만금토양은 투수계수가 121 cm $day^{-1}$로 정체수가 생길 가능성이 적은데도 불구하고 정체수에 의한 침수해가 발생하는 것은 여름장마기에 지하수위의 상승과 토양의 수분포화도가 높아짐에 따라 토양의 강우수용능력이 10~24 mm 정도로 급격히 줄어들기 때문에 적은 강우량에도 정체수가 많이 발생하는 간척지의 특성 때문에 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 이식묘목이 전멸한 복숭아는 습해에 약한 생리적 특성, 거의 전멸에 가까운 높은 고사율을 보인 블루베리는 산성토양을 좋아하는 생리적 특성 때문에 알칼리성의 간척지 특성(pH 8.0-8.4)에 적응하지 못하여 생긴 결과로 해석된다. 따라서 새만금 간척지에서의 과수원조성은 제염과 더불어 배수문 제가 선결되는 것이 가장 중요한 사항으로 추정된다.
The effect of soil salinity and soil-wetting by rise of water table on the growth of fruit trees was studied to obtain information for orchard establishment in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. Survival ratio of trees was 85%for grape, 31%for fig, 15%for apple and pear, and near zero for peach an...
The effect of soil salinity and soil-wetting by rise of water table on the growth of fruit trees was studied to obtain information for orchard establishment in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. Survival ratio of trees was 85%for grape, 31%for fig, 15%for apple and pear, and near zero for peach and blueberry. Wet injury induced by water-logged or flooded condition, rather than salt injury(soil EC was lower than 3.0dS $m^{-1}$ during growing period) is thought to be more responsible for low survival ratio of fruit trees transplanted in Saemangeum area. During the summer raining season in the reclaimed areas, the soil salinity tends to be decreased by natural rainfall effect, and the rainfall acceptable capacity(RAC) of soils dramatically is reduced(10-24 mm) as rainfall is continued to occur. In spite of high hydraulic conductivity(121 cm $day^{-1}$) of soils across the area, low RAC of soils might be due to high soil saturation and elevated water table during summer raining season. Therefore, the installation of effective drainage system should be the primary factor determining successful establishment of orchard in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land.
The effect of soil salinity and soil-wetting by rise of water table on the growth of fruit trees was studied to obtain information for orchard establishment in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. Survival ratio of trees was 85%for grape, 31%for fig, 15%for apple and pear, and near zero for peach and blueberry. Wet injury induced by water-logged or flooded condition, rather than salt injury(soil EC was lower than 3.0dS $m^{-1}$ during growing period) is thought to be more responsible for low survival ratio of fruit trees transplanted in Saemangeum area. During the summer raining season in the reclaimed areas, the soil salinity tends to be decreased by natural rainfall effect, and the rainfall acceptable capacity(RAC) of soils dramatically is reduced(10-24 mm) as rainfall is continued to occur. In spite of high hydraulic conductivity(121 cm $day^{-1}$) of soils across the area, low RAC of soils might be due to high soil saturation and elevated water table during summer raining season. Therefore, the installation of effective drainage system should be the primary factor determining successful establishment of orchard in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land.
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문제 정의
Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effects of seasonal change of soil conditions, such as soil salinity and soil-wetness, on the growth of fruit trees over the range of time period from spring to winter. The result of this research will be helpful for successful development of orchard farm in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land.
대상 데이터
(50x50 m) area that was temporally established in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. Six kinds of fruit trees such as apple, pear, peach, grape, fig and blueberry were tested in the experiment. Young fruit trees for the experiment were transplanted at intervals of 3 m on the top of high ridge (70 cm in width and 30 cm in height) on May 31, 2007 and intervals of row was 2 m.
Six kinds of fruit trees such as apple, pear, peach, grape, fig and blueberry were tested in the experiment. Young fruit trees for the experiment were transplanted at intervals of 3 m on the top of high ridge (70 cm in width and 30 cm in height) on May 31, 2007 and intervals of row was 2 m. Drainage pipes were installed for soil desalting and drainage of excess soil water by interval of 3m on the half area of experimental site.
이론/모형
Soil texture was decided by USDA texture triangle according to particle size distribution data analyzed by pipeting method. Bulk density was measured by core method and soil hydraulic conductivity was measured by the inversed auger-hole method (Park and Yoo, 1983; Boast and Kirkham, 1971; Maasland, 1955). Measurement of water table level was done by installing PVC pipe (4 m in length, 3 cm in diameter) into soil.
Soil salinity was measured for mixture sample of soil 1 to distilled water 5 ratio by EC-meter (NAAS, 2000). Soil salinity (EC) was practically expressed to be multiplied by five times of the values obtained from the 1:5 dilution method in this paper.
Investigation and analysis of physico-chemical properties Soil samples for particle size analysis were collected from the layers of soil profile and core samples for bulk density measurement were collected from soil depth 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm in the experimental site. Soil texture was decided by USDA texture triangle according to particle size distribution data analyzed by pipeting method. Bulk density was measured by core method and soil hydraulic conductivity was measured by the inversed auger-hole method (Park and Yoo, 1983; Boast and Kirkham, 1971; Maasland, 1955).
성능/효과
Fruit trees transplanted on the top of high ridge were not properly rooted and grown for establishment of orchard. Based on the results of soil data (such as soil salinity, soil conductivity, soil texture and rainfall acceptable capacity) and geomorphological survey (such as rainfall pattern and rising of water table) collected as a function of time over the summer raining season, it was concluded that main reason of physiological damage for transplanted fruit trees, was not salt injury by desalting problem, but clearly wet injury by flooding or water-logging. Survival ratio of trees decreased greatly from 95% to 85% for grape, from 60% to 31% for fig, from 66% to 15% for apple, from 87% to 15% for pear, from 60% to 3% for blueberry and from 38% to zero for peach during summer season.
Based on the results of soil data (such as soil salinity, soil conductivity, soil texture and rainfall acceptable capacity) and geomorphological survey (such as rainfall pattern and rising of water table) collected as a function of time over the summer raining season, it was concluded that main reason of physiological damage for transplanted fruit trees, was not salt injury by desalting problem, but clearly wet injury by flooding or water-logging. Survival ratio of trees decreased greatly from 95% to 85% for grape, from 60% to 31% for fig, from 66% to 15% for apple, from 87% to 15% for pear, from 60% to 3% for blueberry and from 38% to zero for peach during summer season. Soil moisture of summer season ranged from 23% to 32%, and average height of water table was -20cm and bulk density was 1.
Survival ratio was 95% for grape trees and 87% for pear trees, but 66% for apple trees and 60% for fig trees and 60% for blueberry trees. Shoot length of apple, fig and blueberry was longer than those of pear, peach and grape.
후속연구
Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effects of seasonal change of soil conditions, such as soil salinity and soil-wetness, on the growth of fruit trees over the range of time period from spring to winter. The result of this research will be helpful for successful development of orchard farm in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land.
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