[논문]탄성파 및 비저항 동시측정에 의한 수포화 암석시료에 주입된 <tex>$CO_2$</tex> 모니터링 및 탐지

김종욱; 마츠오카 토시후미; 설자구

doi:10.7582/gge.2011.14.1.058

탄성파 및 비저항 동시측정에 의한 수포화 암석시료에 주입된 $CO_2$ 모니터링 및 탐지
Monitoring and detecting $CO_2$ injected into water-saturated sandstone with joint seismic and resistivity measurements 원문보기

지구물리와 물리탐사 = Geophysics and geophysical exploration, v.14 no.1, 2011년, pp.58 - 68

김종욱 (교토대학 대학원 공학연구과 도시사회공학) , 마츠오카 토시후미 (교토대학 대학원 공학연구과 도시사회공학) , 설자구 (지구환경산업기술연구기관 (RITE))

초록
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전기 및 탄성파 탐사를 이용한 이산화탄소 지중저장의 모니터링의 기초연구로써, 수포화 암석시료에 $CO_2$주입시 비저항과 P파속도를 측정하였다. 암석시료는 Berea사암이며, $CO_2$는 초임계상태 (10 MPa, $40^{\circ}C$)로 주입하였다. 초임계 $CO_2$주입에 의해 비저항의 증가 및 P파속도와 진폭이 감소하였다. P파 속도 토모그램은 암석시료에 주입한 초임계 $CO_2$의 거동양상을 보여주었다. 비저항과 탄성파속도는 $CO_2$거동 모니터링하는데 유용하다. 그러나 P파 속도는 비저항 변화에 비해 $CO_2$포화도가 20% 이상 일때 변화를 보이지 않았다. 비저항으로부터 $CO_2$포화도 예측은 탄성파 속도로부터 $CO_2$포화도 예측의 어려움을 보완할 수 있다. 비저항과 탄성파 속도의 동시측정에 의해 암석시료에 주입한 초입계 $CO_2$ 거동 및 $CO_2$포화도 분포를 예측할 수 있다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

As part of basic studies of monitoring carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) storage using electrical and seismic surveys, laboratory experiments have been conducted to measure resistivity and P-wave velocity changes due to the injection of $CO_2$ into water-saturated sandstone. The rock sample used is a cylinder of Berea sandstone. $CO_2$ was injected under supercritical conditions (10 MPa, $40^{\circ}C$). The experimental results show that resistivity increases monotonously throughout the injection period, while P-wave velocity and amplitude decrease drastically due to the supercritical $CO_2$ injection. A reconstructed P-wave velocity tomogram clearly images $CO_2$ migration in the sandstone sample. Both resistivity and seismic velocity are useful for monitoring $CO_2$ behaviour. P-wave velocity, however, is less sensitive than resistivity when the $CO_2$ saturation is greater than ~20%. The result indicates that the saturation estimation from resistivity can effectively complement the difficulty of $CO_2$ saturation estimations from seismic velocity variations. By combining resistivity and seismic velocity we were able to estimate $CO_2$ saturation distribution and the injected $CO_2$ behaviour in our sample.

주제어

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가설 설정

2. Seismic tomography results depend strongly on the velocity reductions caused by CO₂ injection. The results show that high-resolution seismic methods could be applied to evaluate the behaviour of CO₂ migration for CO₂ monitoring.

제안 방법

saturation using resistivity. A study was conducted as a part of basic studies with the purpose of better understanding how one should estimate the saturation of CO₂ during sequestration, using resistivity. All water-saturation determinations from resistivity in clean (non-shaly) formations with homogenous intergranular porosity are based on the most commonly and widely used water saturation equation as proposed by Archie (1942).
saturation from resistivity and P-wave velocity. Additionally, such studies will evaluate the relationship between estimated CO₂ saturation and the behaviour of CO₂ migration using reconstructed P-wave velocity images. To better understand the residual (immobile) trapping mechanism, laboratory experiments will be conducted to measure the monitoring with resistivity and P-wave velocity during the imbibition (water injection) stage.
The results indicate that CO₂ saturation and CO₂ migration can be evaluated as the cause of the time interval change in P-wave velocity if they increase towards the upper side of a sample. Experimental studies will be carried out to measure resistivity and seismic properties using samples with different porosity and pore structure. The study will be undertaken in order to evaluate the relationship between estimated CO₂ saturation and the behaviour of CO₂ migration using a range of different homogeneous Berea sandstones.
For better understanding of the relationship between P-wave velocity or resistivity and CO2 saturation, P-wave velocity and resistivity changes associated with CO2 migration in a porous structure were determined.
In this paper, we report laboratory experiments conducted to measure resistivity and P-wave velocity changes simultaneously, while injecting supercritical CO₂ into water-saturated sandstone. For better understanding of the relationship between P-wave velocity or resistivity and CO₂ saturation, P-wave velocity and resistivity changes associated with CO₂ migration in a porous structure were determined.
Laboratory experiments were conducted to simultaneously measure combined resistivity and seismic tomography while injecting supercritical CO₂ in water-saturated Berea sandstone.
Experimental studies will be carried out to measure resistivity and seismic properties using samples with different porosity and pore structure. The study will be undertaken in order to evaluate the relationship between estimated CO₂ saturation and the behaviour of CO₂ migration using a range of different homogeneous Berea sandstones.
To better understand the residual (immobile) trapping mechanism, laboratory experiments will be conducted to measure the monitoring with resistivity and P-wave velocity during the imbibition (water injection) stage. This study will be conducted to evaluate residual trapped CO₂ saturation using resistivity and P-wave velocity.

대상 데이터

A cylindrical sample of Berea sandstone (50 mm in diameter and 100 mm in length, 19% porosity) is utilised in the study. Figure 1 shows the configuration of piezoelectric transducers and electrodes attached to the Berea sandstone for seismic velocity and resistivity measurements, respectively.
The experimental apparatus consists of the injection system, pressure vessel, resistivity and seismic measurement equipment, and data recording system. Figure 2 shows a simplified configuration of experimental equipment in this study.

성능/효과

3. P-wave velocity became less sensitive when the CO₂ saturation was over ~20%, while the resistivity kept increasing with an increase in CO₂ saturation. The result indicates that the saturation estimation from resistivity can effectively complement CO₂ saturation estimation from seismic velocity variations.
, 2006). Furthermore, the results confirmed that the decrease in resistivity could provide a specific tool to detect dissolved CO₂ when water and CO₂ were reactive. In the longer term, the solubility and reactivity of the CO₂ will increase the stability of the storage with dissolution mechanism of trapped liquid CO₂.

참고문헌 (27)

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상세보기
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상세보기
Xue, Z., and Watanabe, J., 2008, Time Lapse Well Logging to Monitor the Injected $CO_2$ at the Nagaoka Pilot Site: Journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 124, 68-77.
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