[논문]황사의 대기환경영향

김영성

doi:10.5572/kosae.2011.27.3.255

[국내논문] 황사의 대기환경영향
Impacts of Asian Dust on Atmospheric Environment 원문보기

한국대기환경학회지 = Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, v.27 no.3, 2011년, pp.255 - 271

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

ACE-Asia (Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment) in spring 2001 was a turning point to trigger international research interest on Asian dust (AD). This basically arose from the lack of research on AD, the important natural phenomenon to characterize the Northeast Asia. In contrast, health risk related to AD has been the primary concern in Korea. Although due in part to severe AD events of 2001~2002, research and mitigation measures on AD in Korea are typically based on the assumption that AD events are increasing in frequency and severity. However, contrary to the trend in Korea, the number of AD days and emission amounts of AD in China have decreased since 1980s. This paper reviews the impacts of AD on ambient air quality and variations in toxic substances during the AD event, reflecting the concern in Korea. While a great amount of dust particles flow into Korea during the AD event, a considerable amount of dust particles are locally generated as well. Since dust particles are mixed with toxic substances as they pass over polluted areas, the levels of toxic substances become lower in dust particles that do not pass over polluted areas. Broadening the research scope on AD is warranted to understand the AD as an important natural phenomenon, irrespective of its associated health risk.

Keyword

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	황사란?	황사는 중국과 몽골의 사막, 황토고원, 만주 등에서 발생하여 강한 바람을 타고 장거리를 이동한 흙먼지이다. 기상청에서는 PM₁₀이 일정 농도 이상이거나 가시적으로 흙먼지를 관찰할 수 있을 때 황사를 판정하므로(기상청 보도자료 2007.
	기상청의 황사 판단 기준은?	황사는 중국과 몽골의 사막, 황토고원, 만주 등에서 발생하여 강한 바람을 타고 장거리를 이동한 흙먼지이다. 기상청에서는 PM₁₀이 일정 농도 이상이거나 가시적으로 흙먼지를 관찰할 수 있을 때 황사를 판정하므로(기상청 보도자료 2007. 2.
	황사기간 2차 이온의 변화에 대한 어떠한 관점으로 학문적 관심이 큰가?	황사기간 2차 이온의 변화는 2가지 관점에서 학문적으로 관심이 크다. 첫째는, 오염 지역에서 주로 미세입자에 존재하는 2차 이온이 황사의 조대입자를 만날 때 상호작용이다. 오염지역에서 질산염은 질산암모늄 형태로 미세입자에 존재하지만 조대입자와 함께 양이온이 많아지면 휘발하여 조대입자에서 질산칼슘 등을 형성한다. 둘째는, 2차 생성에 대한 황사 입자의 기여도이다. 황사를 구성하는 광물질 중 탄산칼슘이 주성분인 방해석이나 백운석은 기체상 질산이나 황산과 결합될 수 있다. 질산 칼슘은 수분을 흡수하여 용해되며 액상반응으로 이어지는 데 비하여 황산칼슘은 용해도가 낮아 반응이 제한된다. 그러나 황산염도 강우를 동반할 때는 액상 반응이 가능하여 조대입자 분율이 높아진다(Ooki and Uematsu, 2005; Kim and Park, 2001).

참고문헌 (77)

Arimoto, R., X.Y. Zhang, B.J. Huebert, C.H. Kang, D.L. Savoie, J.M. Prospero, S.K. Sage, C.A. Schloesslin, H.M. Khaing, and S.N. Oh (2004) Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols from Zhenbeitai, China, and Gosan, South Korea, during ACE-Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19S04, doi:10.1029/2003JD004323.

상세보기
Arimoto, R., Y.J. Kim, Y.P. Kim, P.K. Quinn, T.S. Bates, T.L. Anderson, S. Gong, I. Uno, M. Chin, B.J. Huebert, A.D. Clarke, Y. Shinozuka, R.J. Weber, J.R. Anderson, S.A. Guazzotti, R.C. Sullivan, D.A. Sodeman, K.A. Prather, and I.N. Sokolik (2006) Characterization of Asian dust during ACE-Asia, Global and Planetary Change, 52, 23-56.

상세보기
Bates, T.S., P.K. Quinn, D.J. Coffman, D.S. Covert, T.L. Miller, J.E. Johnson, G.R. Carmichael, I. Uno, S.A. Guazzotti, D.A. Sodeman, K.A. Prather, M. Rivera, L.M. Russell, and J.T. Merrill (2004) Marine boundary layer dust and pollutant transport associated with the passage of a frontal system over eastern Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19S19, doi:10.1029/2003JD004094.

상세보기
Breivik, K., R. Alcock, Y.-F. Li, R.E. Bailey, H. Fiedler, and J.M. Pacyna (2004) Primary sources of selected POPs: regional and global scale emission inventories, Environmental Pollution, 128, 3-16.

상세보기
Cao, J.J., J.C. Chow, J.G. Watson, F. Wu, Y.M. Han, Z.D. Jin, Z.X. Shen, and Z.S. An (2008) Size-differentiated source profiles for fugitive dust in the Chinese Loess Plateau, Atmospheric Environment, 42, 2261-2275.

상세보기
Cheng, M.T., Y.C. Lin, C.P. Chio, C.F. Wang, and C.Y. Kuo (2005) Characteristics of aerosols collected in central Taiwan during an Asian dust event in spring 2000, Chemosphere, 61, 1439-1450.

상세보기
Chi, K.H., S.C. Hsu, S.H. Wang, and M.B. Chang (2008) Increases in ambient PCDD/F and PCB concentrations in Northern Taiwan during an Asian dust storm episode, Sci. Total Environ., 401, 100-108.

상세보기
Choi, J.C., M. Lee, Y. Chun, J. Kim, and S. Oh (2001) Chemical composition and source signature of spring aerosol in Seoul, Korea, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18,067-18,074.

상세보기
Chun, Y., J. Kim, J.C. Choi, K.O. Boo, S.N. Oh, and M. Lee (2001) Characteristic number size distribution of aerosol during Asian dust period in Korea, Atmospheric Environment, 35, 2715-2721.

상세보기
Chun, Y., J. Kim, K.-O. Boo, and N.-O. Kim (2000) The features associated with the Yellow Sand phenonmenon ibserved in Korea in wintertime, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 16, 487-497. (in Korean with English abstract)
Clarke, A.D., Y. Shinozuka, V.N. Kapustin, S. Howell, B. Huebert, S. Doherty, T. Anderson, D. Covert, J. Anderson, X. Hua, K.G. Moore II, C. McNaughton, G. Carmichael, and R. Weber (2004) Size distributions and mixtures of dust and black carbon aerosol in Asian outflow: Physiochemistry and optical properties, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D15S09, doi:10.1029/2003JD004378.

상세보기
Cyranoski, D. (2003) China plans clean sweep on dust storms, Nature, 421, 101.

상세보기
Du, W., J. Xin, M. Wang, Q. Gao, Z. Li, and Y. Wang (2008) Photometric measurements of spring aerosol optical properties in dust and non-dust periods in China, Atmospheric Environment, 42, 7981-7987.

상세보기
Eck, T.F., B.N. Holben, O. Dubovik, A. Smirnov, P. Goloub, H.B. Chen, B. Chatenet, L. Gomes, X.-Y. Zhang, S.-C. Tsay, Q. Ji, D. Giles, and I. Slutsker (2005) Columnar aerosol optical properties at AERONET sites in central eastern Asia and aerosol transport to the tropical mid-Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D06202, doi:10.1029/2004JD005274.

상세보기
Fang, G.-C., Y.-S. Wu, J.-C. Chen, P.P.-C. Fu, C.-N. Chang, T.-T. Ho, and M.-H. Chen (2005) Characteristic study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for fine and coarse particulates at pastureland near industrial park sampling site of central Taiwan, Chemosphere, 60, 427-433.

상세보기
Fang, M., M. Zheng, F. Wang, K.S. Chim, and S.C. Kot (1999) The long-range transport of aerosols from northern China to Hong Kong - a multi-technique study, Atmospheric Environment, 33, 1803-1817.

상세보기
Ghim, Y.S., J.Y. Kim, Y. Kim, K.-C. Moon, K.J. Moon, J.S. Han, S.-W. Kim, S.-C. Yoon, and S.-A. Kwon (2003) Concentration variations of persistent organic pollutants in Gosan, Jeju during the polluted period in November 2001 and the Yellow Sand period in spring 2002, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 19, 469-490. (in Korean with English abstract)
Ginoux, P., J.M. Prospero, O. Torres, and M. Chin (2004) Long-term simulation of global dust distribution with the GOCART model: correlation with North Atlantic Oscillation, Environ. Modelling Software, 19, 113-128.

상세보기
Guo, Z.G., L.F. Sheng, J.L. Feng, and M. Fang (2003) Seasonal variation of solvent extractable organic compounds in the aerosols in Qingdao, China, Atmospheric Environment, 37, 1825-1834.

상세보기
Hsu, S.-C., S.C. Liu, W.-L. Jeng, F.-J. Lin, Y.-T. Huang, S.-C.C. Lung, T.-H. Liu, and J.-Y. Tu (2005) Variations of Cd/Pb and Zn/Pb ratios in Taipei aerosols reflecting long-range transport or local pollution emissions, Sci. Total Environ., 347, 111-121.

상세보기
Huebert, B.J., T. Bates, P.B. Russell, G. Shi, Y.J. Kim, K. Kawamura, G. Carmichael, and T. Nakajima (2003) An overview of ACE-Asia: Strategies for quantifying the relationships between Asian aerosols and their climatic impacts, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D23), 8633, doi:10.1029/2003JD003550.

상세보기
Husar, R. (2003) Local and global dust over North America, 2nd International Workshop on Mineral Dust, September 10-12, Paris, France.
Hwang, H. and C.-U. Ro (2006) Direct observation of nitrate and sulphate formations from mineral dust and seasalts using low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis, Atmospheric Environment, 40, 3869-3880.

상세보기
Hwang, H., H. Kim, and C.-U. Ro (2008) Single-particle characterization of aerosol samples collected before and during an Asian dust storm in Chuncheon, Korea, Atmospheric Environment, 42, 8738-8746.

상세보기
Kim, B.-G. and S.-U. Park (2001) Transport and evolution of a wintertime Yellow sand observed in Korea, Atmospheric Environment, 35, 3191-3201.

상세보기
Kim, D.-H., B.-J. Sohn, T. Nakajima, T. Takamura, T. Takemura, B.-C. Choi, and S.-C. Yoon (2004) Aerosol optical properties over east Asia determined from ground-based sky radiation measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D02209, doi:10.1029/2003JD003387.

상세보기
Kim, J. (2008) Transport routes and source regions of Asian dust observed in Korea during the past 40 years (1965-2004), Atmospheric Environment, 42, 4778-4789.

상세보기
Kim, J.Y., Y.S. Ghim, C.H. Song, S.-C. Yoon, and J.S. Han (2007) Seasonal characteristics of air masses arriving at Gosan, Korea using fine particle measurements between November 2001 and August 2003, J. Geophys.Res., 112, D07202, doi:10.1029/2005JD006946.

상세보기
Kim, K.-H. and M.-Y. Kim (2003) The effects of Asian Dust on particulate matter fractionation in Seoul, Korea during spring 2001, Chemosphere, 51, 707-721.

상세보기
Kim, K.-H., C.-H. Kang, C.-J. Ma, J.-H. Lee, K.-C. Choi, and Y.-H. Youn (2008) Airborne cadmium in spring season between Asian dust and non-Asian dust periods in Korea, Atmospheric Environment, 42, 623-631.

상세보기
Kim, K.-H., C.-H. Kang, J.-H. Lee, K.-C. Choi, Y.-H. Youn, and S.M. Hong (2006) Investigation of airborne lead concentrations in relation to Asian Dust events and air mass transport pathways, J. Aerosol Sci., 37, 1809-1825.

상세보기
Kim, K.-H., G.-H. Choi, C.H. Kang, J.-H. Lee, J.Y. Kim, Y.H. Youn, and S.R. Lee (2003) The chemical composition of fine and coarse particles in relation with the Asian Dust events, Atmospheric Environment, 37, 753-765.

상세보기
Krueger, B.J., V.H. Grassian, A. Laskin, and J.P. Cowin (2003) The transformation of solid atmospheric particles into liquid droplets through heterogeneous chemistry: laboratory insights into the processing of calcium containing mineral dust aerosol in the troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, doi:10.1029/2002GL016563.

상세보기
Lee, K.H., Z. Li, M.S. Wong, J. Xin, Y. Wang, W.-M. Hao, and F. Zhao (2007a) Aerosol single scattering albedo estimated across China from a combination of ground and satellite measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D22S15, doi:10.1029/2007JD009077.

상세보기
Lee, M.-H., E.-J. Han, and Y.-S. Won (1986) Yellow Sand phenomena influence to the atmosphere in Korea, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 2(3), 34-44. (in Korean with English abstract)
Lee, M.-H., E.-J. Han, C.-K. Shin, and J.-S. Han (1988) A study on the size distribution and chemical component of suspended particulate during the period of sandy dust phenomena, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 4(2), 57-66. (in Korean with English abstract)
Lee, S.-J., H. Park, S.-D. Choi, J.-M. Lee, and Y.-S. Chang (2007b) Assessment of variations in atmospheric PCDD/Fs by Asian dust in Southeastern Korea, Atmospheric Environment, 41, 5876-5886.

상세보기
Lee, T., X.-Y. Yu, B. Ayres, S.M. Kreidenweis, W.C. Malm, and J.L. Collett, Jr. (2008) Observations of fine and coarse particle nitrate at several rural locations in the United States, Atmospheric Environment, 42, 2720-2732.

상세보기
Lee, Y.-N., R. Weber, Y. Ma, D. Orsini, K. Maxwell-Meier, D. Blake, S. Meinardi, G. Sachse, C. Harward, T.-Y. Chen, D. Thornton, F.-H. Tu, and A. Bandy (2003) Airborne measurement of inorganic ionic components of fine aerosol particles using the particle-intoliquid sampler coupled to ion chromatography technique during ACE-Asia and TRACE-P, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D23), 8646, doi:10.1029/2002JD003265.

상세보기
Li, Z., H. Chen, M. Cribb, R. Dickerson, B. Holben, C. Li, D. Lu, Y. Luo, H. Maring, G. Shi, S.-C. Tsay, P. Wang, Y. Wang, X. Xia, Y. Zheng, T. Yuan, and F. Zhao (2007) Preface to special section on East Asian Studies of Tropospheric Aerosols: An International Regional Experiment (EAST-AIRE), J. Geophys. Res., 112, D22S00, doi:10.1029/2007JD008853.

상세보기
Ma, C.-J., M. Kasahara, R. Hooller, and T. Kamiya (2001) Characteristics of single particles sampled in Japan during the Asian dust-storm period, Atmospheric Environment, 35, 2707-2714.

상세보기
Mahowald, N.M., G.D.R. Rivera, and C. Luo (2004), Comment on "Relative importance of climate and land use in determining present and future global soil dust emission" by I. Tegen et al., Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L24105, doi:10.1029/2004GL021272.

상세보기
Matsumoto, J., K. Takahashi, Y. Matsumi, A. Yabushita, A. Shimizu, I. Matsui, and N. Sugimoto (2006) Scavenging of pollutant acid substances by Asian mineral dust particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L07816, doi:10.1029/2006GL025782.

상세보기
Matsumoto, K., Y. Uyama, T. Hayano, H. Tanimoto, I. Uno, and M. Uematsu (2003) Chemical properties and outflow patterns of anthropogenic and dust particles on Rishiri Island during the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia), J. Geophys. Res., 108(D23), 8666, doi:10.1029/2003JD003426.

상세보기
Mishchenko, M.I., I.V. Geogdzhayev, L. Liu, A.A. Lacis, B. Cairns, and L.D. Travis (2009) Toward unified satellite climatology of aerosol properties: What do fully compatible MODIS and MISR aerosol pixels tell us?, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 110, 402-408.

상세보기
Mori, I., M. Nishikawa, H. Quan, and M. Morita (2002) Estimation of the concentration and chemical composition of kosa aerosols at their origin, Atmospheric Environment, 36, 4569-4575.

상세보기
Mori, I., M. Nishikawa, T. Tanimura, and H. Quan (2003) Change in size distribution and chemical composition of kosa (Asian dust) aerosol during long-range transport, Atmospheric Environment, 37, 4253-4263.

상세보기
NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research) (2004) Studies on Emission and Transport of Asian Dust, Report from Korea Institute of Science and Technology, UCG0639-7485-9.
NIER (2009) Emission Mechanism of Asian Dust in Source Regions and Its Characteristics by Transport Routes (III), Report from Hankuk University of Foreign Studies.
Nishikawa, M., Q. Hao, and M. Morita (2000) Preparation and evaluation of certified reference materials for Asian mineral dust, Global Environ. Res., 4, 103-113.
Ooki, A. and M. Uematsu (2005) Chemical interactions between mineral dust particles and acid gases during Asian dust events, J. Geohys. Res., 110, D03201, doi:10.1029/2004JD004737.

상세보기
Pankow, J.F. (1987) Review and comparative analysis of the theories on partitioning between the gas and aerosol particulate phases in the atmosphere, Atmospheric Environment, 21, 2275-2283.

상세보기
Park, M.H., Y.P. Kim, and C.-H. Kang (2001) Aerosol composition change due to Yellow Dust: springtime measurement data between 1993 and 1996 at Kosan, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 17, 487-492. (in Korean with English abstract)
Park, M.H., Y.P. Kim, and C.-H. Kang (2003) Aerosol composition change due to dust storm: measurements between 1992 and 1999 at Gosan, Korea, Water Air Soil Pollution Focus, 3, 117-128.

상세보기
Shao, Y. and C.H. Dong (2006) A review on East Asian dust storm climate, modelling and monitoring, Global and Planetary Change, 52, 1-22.

상세보기
Song, C.H., C.M. Kim, Y.J. Lee, G.R. Carmichael, B.K. Lee, and D.S. Lee (2007) An evaluation of reaction probabilities of sulfate and nitrate precursors onto East Asian dust particles, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D18206, doi:10.1029/2006JD008092.

상세보기
Stout, J.E., A. Warren, and T.E. Gill (2009) Publication trends in aeolian research: An analysis of the Bibliography of Aeolian Research, Geomorphology, 105, 6-17.

상세보기
Streets, D.G., F. Yan, M. Chin, T. Diehl, N. Mahowald, M. Schultz, M. Wild, Y. Wu, and C. Yu (2009) Anthropogenic and natural contributions to regional trends in aerosol optical depth, 1980-2006, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00D18, doi:10.1029/2008JD011624.

상세보기
Sullivan, R.C., S.A. Guazzotti, D.A. Sodeman, and K.A. Prather (2007) Direct observations of the atmospheric processing of Asian mineral dust, Atmospheric Chem. Phys., 7, 1213-1236.

상세보기
Sun, J., M. Zhang and T. Liu (2001) Spatial and temporal characteristics of dust storms in China and its surrounding regions, 1960-1999: Relations to source area and climate, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 10,325-10,333.

상세보기
Sun, Y., G. Zhuang, Y. Wang, X. Zhao, J. Li, Z. Wang, and Z. An (2005) Chemical composition of dust storms in Beijing and implications for the mixing of mineral aerosol with pollution aerosol on the pathway, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D24209, doi:10.1029/2005JD006054.

상세보기
Tamamura, S., T. Sato, Y. Ota, X. Wang, N. Tang, and K. Hayakawa (2007) Long-range transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the eastern Asian continent to Kanazawa, Japan with Asian dust, Atmospheric Environment, 41, 2580-2593.

상세보기
Tanaka, T.Y. and M. Chiba (2005) Simulation of dust aerosol with a chemical transport model, MASINGAR, J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 83A, 255-278.

상세보기
Tegen, I., M. Werner, S.P. Harrison, and K.E. Kohfeld (2004), Relative importance of climate and land use in determining present and future global soil dust emission, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L05105, doi:10.1029/2003GL019216.

상세보기
UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) (2001) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), http://www.chem.unep.ch/sc/ (accessed January 2002).
Wang, X., J. Huang, M. Ji, and K. Higuchi (2008) Variability of East Asia dust events and their long-term trend, Atmospheric Environment, 42, 3156-3165.

상세보기
Won, S.R., Y. Choi, A.R. Kim, S.H. Choi, and Y.S. Ghim (2010) Ion concentraions of particulate matter in Yongin in spring and fall, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 26, 265-275. (in Korean with English abstract)

원문보기 상세보기
Wu, Z.J., Y.F. Cheng, M. Hu, B. Wehner, N. Sugimoto, and A. Wiedensohler (2009) Dust events in Beijing, China (2004-2006): comparison of ground-based measurements with columnar integrated observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6915-6932.

상세보기
Xin, J., Y. Wang, Z. Li, P. Wang, W.M. Hao, B.L. Nordgren, S. Wang, G. Liu, L. Wang, T. Wen, Y. Sun, and B. Hu (2007) Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent of aerosols observed by the Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network from August 2004 to September 2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D05203, doi:10.1029/2006JD007075.

상세보기
Xu, J., M.H. Bergin, R. Greenwald, J.J. Schauer, M.M. Shafer, J.L. Jaffrezo, and G. Aymoz (2004) Aerosol chemical, physical, and radiative characteristics near a desert source region of northwest China during ACE-Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19S03, doi:10.1029/2003JD004239.

상세보기
Yamasaki, H., K. Kuwata, and H. Miyamoto (1982) Effects of ambient temperature on aspects of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Environ. Sci. Technol., 16, 189-194.

상세보기
Yu, X., T. Cheng, J. Chen, and Y. Liu (2006) A comparison of dust properties between China continent and Korea, Japan in East Asia, Atmospheric Environment, 40, 5787-5797.

상세보기
Yuan, H., G. Zhuang, J. Li, Z. Wang, and J. Li (2008) Mixing of mineral with pollution aerosols in dust season in Beijing: Revealed by source apportionment study, Atmospheric Environment, 42, 2141-2157.

상세보기
Zhang, D. and Y. Iwasaka (1999) Nitrate and sulfate in individual Asian dust-storm particles in Beijing, China in spring of 1995 and 1996, Atmospheric Environment, 33, 3213-3223.

상세보기
Zhang, D., J. Zang, G. Shi, Y. Iwasaka, A. Matsuki, and D. Trochkine (2003a) Mixture state of individual Asian dust particles at a coastal site of Qingdao, China, Atmospheric Environment, 37, 3895-3901.

상세보기
Zhang, D., Y. Iwasaka, G. Shi, J. Zang, A. Matsuki, and D. Trochkine (2003b) Mixture state and size of Asian dust particles collected at southwestern Japan in spring 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D24), 4760, doi:10.1029/2003JD003869.

상세보기
Zhang, X.Y., R. Arimoto, and Z.S. An (1997) Dust emission from Chinese desert sources linked to variations in atmospheric circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28,041-28,047.

상세보기

저자의 다른 논문 :

활용도 분석정보

상세보기

다운로드

내보내기

활용도 Top5 논문

해당 논문의 주제분야에서 활용도가 높은 상위 5개 콘텐츠를 보여줍니다.
더보기 버튼을 클릭하시면 더 많은 관련자료를 살펴볼 수 있습니다.

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증