[논문]Barriers to Employment Among Low-Income Mothers in Rural United States Communities

Son, Seo-Hee; Dyk, Patricia Hyjer; Bauer, Jean W.; Katras, Mary Jo

doi:10.6115/ljhe.2011.12.1.37

Barriers to Employment Among Low-Income Mothers in Rural United States Communities 원문보기

International journal of human ecology, v.12 no.1, 2011년, pp.37 - 49

Son, Seo-Hee (Department of Family Resource Management, Sookmyung Women's University) , Dyk, Patricia Hyjer (Community and Leadership Development and Sociology, University of Kentucky) , Bauer, Jean W. (Family Social Science, University of Minnesota) , Katras, Mary Jo (Family Social Science, University of Minnesota)

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This article addresses potential barriers to sustained employment for rural low-income mothers. Drawing from a two panel longitudinal sample of 240 families from the Rural Families Speak project, it examines the extent to which human capital and family factors were related to these mothers' ability to be employed. Comparisons are made between mothers, who over a three-year period, were continuously unemployed, intermittently employed, or stably employed. Many of these rural low-income mothers faced multiple individual and family barriers that impacted their labor force participation. Notably food insecurity, mental health, caring for a young child, housing, and a family history of welfare were associated with less stable employment. The implications for public policy and service delivery are discussed.

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문제 정의

The objectives of this research were to identify the prevalence of key barriers to sustained employment for a sample of low-income rural mothers and to examine the relationships between potential barriers and the mothers, employment patterns. We particularly focused on a set of human capital barriers and family barriers that predicted an employment trajectory of continuous unemployment, intermittent employment or stable employment of rural low-income mothers.
(RFS) (Bauer; 2004). The overall goal of this study was to examine femily well-being and functioning of rural low-income families in the context of welfere reforni. Researchers from 14 states representin흥 all reions of the United States collaborated using a common protocol to gain insights into the individual choices and contextual constraints that impact the ability of low-income rural families to engage in employment and make ends meet.

제안 방법

Since this study was designed to examine employment barriers, a subsample of the RFS project was selected to include all families with mothers employment data over the three waves of data collection in two panels. A sample of 240 cases had sufficient data to meet this criterion.
as predictor variables. The presence of multicollinearity was tested by examining a correlation matrix among all independent variables. The coefficients of the correlation were lower than .
The purpose of this research is to examine the relationships between potential barriers faced by rural low-income mothers and three employment trajectories: continuous unemployment, intermittent employment, and stable employment over a three year period. Reearch questions of the present study are: (1) How prevalent are barrier to rural low income mothers across employment categories? (2) What is the r신ationship between potential barriers and subsequent employment? and (3) What is the relationship between types of barriers and subequent employment? Findings expand our imderstandin홍 of the employment barriers for low-income population by focusing on rural mothers and the influence of their individual and family circumstances.

대상 데이터

Fifty-seven mothers were included in the unemployed group. Another 41 mothers comprised the stable group. The majority of the mothers (59.
Fifty-seven mothers were included in the unemployed group. Another 41 mothers comprised the stable group.

성능/효과

The predictors of mental health, a응e of the youngest child, marital status, and housing stability contributed to the likelihood of continuous unemployment compared to sta이e employment. Like the predictors of the mothers with intermittent employment, having a younger child (e~16=.
This study found that the identified potential barriers for employment were different dependin응 upon low-income, rural mothers* employment patterns over the three year period. Both family barriers including the presence of younger children in the home and housing instability were associated with unstable employment.
To further understand the association between the mothers' employment patterns and the types of barriers, the total number of human capital barriers and family barriers were used to predict the rural, low-income mothers' employment patterns (See Table 3), Compared to stable employment, the total number of family barriers (e69=2.00, p<Ml) was the more influential factor than the total number of human capital barriers (e36=1.44, p<.10) to predict intermittent employment. However, both the total number of human capital barriers (e%=L92, p<.

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