한국산 Asparagus L. (비짜루속)을 대상으로 외부형태 형질을 재검토하고 ITS염기서열을 사용한 계통분석을 실시하였다. 외부형태를 분석한 결과 엽상경의 형태, 소화경의 길이, 화피의 형태 등이 종을 식별하는 데 중요한 형질이었으며, 남한에는 최근에 분포가 확인된 A. davuricus Fisch. and Link (망적천문동)을 포함하여 총 다섯 종의 Asparagus가 자생하는 것으로 확인되었다. 각 분류군별로 5 내지 24 개체를 포함하여 수행한 ITS 염기서열 계통분석에서 각 분류군은 모두 단계통군을 이루었다. 특히 A. schoberioides Kunth (비짜루)의 이명으로 처리되고 있는 A. rigidulus Nakai (노간주비짜루)는 A. shoberioides와 8개의 뉴클레오티드 자리에서 차이를 보이면서 독자적인 단계통군을 형성하였다. 독도, 제주도 및 중남부 해안에 주로 자라는 A. rigidulus의 소화경은 내륙에 분포하는 A. schoberioides에 비해 약 2배 길었다. 두 종의 형태적, 지리적, 계통 유전학적 차이는 A. rigidulus를 A. schoberioides와 다른 독립된 종으로 인정해야 함을 말해준다.
한국산 Asparagus L. (비짜루속)을 대상으로 외부형태 형질을 재검토하고 ITS 염기서열을 사용한 계통분석을 실시하였다. 외부형태를 분석한 결과 엽상경의 형태, 소화경의 길이, 화피의 형태 등이 종을 식별하는 데 중요한 형질이었으며, 남한에는 최근에 분포가 확인된 A. davuricus Fisch. and Link (망적천문동)을 포함하여 총 다섯 종의 Asparagus가 자생하는 것으로 확인되었다. 각 분류군별로 5 내지 24 개체를 포함하여 수행한 ITS 염기서열 계통분석에서 각 분류군은 모두 단계통군을 이루었다. 특히 A. schoberioides Kunth (비짜루)의 이명으로 처리되고 있는 A. rigidulus Nakai (노간주비짜루)는 A. shoberioides와 8개의 뉴클레오티드 자리에서 차이를 보이면서 독자적인 단계통군을 형성하였다. 독도, 제주도 및 중남부 해안에 주로 자라는 A. rigidulus의 소화경은 내륙에 분포하는 A. schoberioides에 비해 약 2배 길었다. 두 종의 형태적, 지리적, 계통 유전학적 차이는 A. rigidulus를 A. schoberioides와 다른 독립된 종으로 인정해야 함을 말해준다.
Morphological and geographical examinations as well as phylogenetic analyses using ITS sequences were performed for Asparagus L. in Korea. A total of five species of Asparagus were confirmed to be distributed in South Korea. The shape of cladophylls, length of pedicels, and shape of perianth were co...
Morphological and geographical examinations as well as phylogenetic analyses using ITS sequences were performed for Asparagus L. in Korea. A total of five species of Asparagus were confirmed to be distributed in South Korea. The shape of cladophylls, length of pedicels, and shape of perianth were considered to be important characteristics for the identification of Koran Asparagus species. A monophyly of each species was evident in the ITS phylogenetic trees in which multiple accessions (5 to 24, depending on species) represented each of the five Korean species. A. rigidulus Nakai, once considered conspecific to A. schoberioides Kunth, formed a distinct lineage in the ITS trees. Pedicels of A. rigidulus, which is distributed mainly in coastal areas, were about two times longer than those of A. schoberioides occurring in inland areas, suggesting that they should be treated as distinct taxa.
Morphological and geographical examinations as well as phylogenetic analyses using ITS sequences were performed for Asparagus L. in Korea. A total of five species of Asparagus were confirmed to be distributed in South Korea. The shape of cladophylls, length of pedicels, and shape of perianth were considered to be important characteristics for the identification of Koran Asparagus species. A monophyly of each species was evident in the ITS phylogenetic trees in which multiple accessions (5 to 24, depending on species) represented each of the five Korean species. A. rigidulus Nakai, once considered conspecific to A. schoberioides Kunth, formed a distinct lineage in the ITS trees. Pedicels of A. rigidulus, which is distributed mainly in coastal areas, were about two times longer than those of A. schoberioides occurring in inland areas, suggesting that they should be treated as distinct taxa.
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문제 정의
This study aimed to reexamine the distribution and morphological characters of Korean Asparagus taxa, and to discuss their phylogenetic relationships using the DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS regions.
가설 설정
2. Pedicels longer than 8.1 mm, fruit diam. 8−10 mm A.
2. Pedicels shorter than 7.1 mm, fruit diam. 5−8 mm A.
제안 방법
, 1997). The alignment was further examined and slightly edited using MacClade 4.03 PPC (analysis of phylogeny and character evolution. 4.03 PPC; Maddison and Maddison, 2002) as necessary. Gaps introduced from the alignment were treated as missing characters in subsequent analyses.
For the NJ tree Kimura’s 2 parameter method (Kimura, 1980) was selected for estimating the genetic distance among the OTUs. The maximum parsimony analyses were conducted using heuristic searches with the MULTREES option, 10 random entries of taxa, and TBR (Tree Bisection and Reconnection) branch swapping. Bootstrap analyses (Felsenstein, 1985) with 1000 replicates were conducted to evaluate the degree of support for given clades of NJ and MP trees (PAUP* ver.
This study provided updated information on the geographic distribution of Asparagus in Korea, especially for Asparagus davuricus, which has long been known to occur only in East Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, China, and North Korea. Although the species has been precisely referred to in the floristic literatures of neighboring countries including China (Chen and Tamaian, 2000), Russia (Il'in, 1968), North Korea (Im, 2000), it has been either missing from the major floristic works of South Korea (Lee, 1979; Lee, 2007) or only briefly mentioned (Lee, 1996), making the distribution of the species in South Korea questionable.
성능/효과
2, 3). A total of 77 nucleotide sites observed from the four taxa Asparagus cochinchinensis, A. davuricus, A. oligoclonos, A. schoberioides (aligned sequence data not shown). This contrasts with the results from the examination of plastid DNA sequence data (petB intron and petD-rpoA intergenic spacer; Fukuda et al.
A total of one hundred specimens, obtained either from several herbaria (KWNU, KNU, KH, IUI, TI) or from the field collection, were examined for morphological characters of all Korean Asparagus species except for A. brachyphyllus, which is known to be distributed mainly in North Korea (Appendix I). Multiple accessions representing each species (5−24 individuals depending on species) were employed for molecular phylogenetic analyses.
, 1997). However, these studies were mainly about the selection of close relatives of A. officinalis L. to produce useful cultivar through hybridization process, and no Korean taxa were included in the analyses. A phylogenetic study based on DNA sequences of the plastid genome for 26 taxa (including some Korean species) of Asparagus has been undertaken by Fukuda et al.
979 was obtained. In both of the MP and NJ trees, A. cochinchinensis was identified as basal clade, followed by A. oligoclonos which showed a sister group relationship with the rest of the species. A.
cochinchinensis which had a fusiform root. In terms of the shape of cladophylls, two types were observed: straight type (A. oligoclonos, A. davuricus) and falcate type (A. cochinchinensis, A. schoberioides, A. rigidulus). The cladophyll was longest in A.
rigidulus as a distinct species within the genus Asparagus. In this study, the plant collection data also indicated that A. rigidulus occurred only in coastal areas of the Korean peninsula, Jeju-do, and Dok-do while A. schoberioides was distributed mainly in inland areas (Fig. 1). Despite the molecular and geographical differences between the two species, they exhibit very weak morphological differences, which suggest that A.
schoberioides. Reexamination on the herbarium specimens deposited in several different herbaria, however, revealed that A. davuricus, once known to occur only in North Korea, was also distributed in South Korea (Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheonnamdo, Gangwon-do, Gyeonsangbuk-do), suggesting the need for reexamination of the species diversity and distribution of Korean Asparagus. In addition, the taxonomic entity of A.
rigidulus). The cladophyll was longest in A. oligoclonos which was followed by A. davuricus, A. rigidulus, A. schoberioides, and A. cochinchinensis.
The fruit of A. oligoclonos was the longest, followed by A. cochinchinensis, A. schoberioides, A. rigidulus, and that of A. davuricus was the shortest. The number of seeds was variable within each species (1−2, 1−4, 1−5 depending on species) except for A.
The lengths of ITS regions (including 5.8S) of the examined taxa were 619 bp for Asparagus cochinchinensis, 621 bp for A. davuricus, 622 bp for A. schoberioides and A. rigidulus, and 625 bp for A. oligoclonos. A.
his study provided important information for discussing the systematic issues pertaining Korean Asparagus, especially the taxonomic status of Asparagus rigidulus, which was described by Nakai (1913) but was later merged into A. schoberioides (Ohwi 1972). A.
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