목적: 구면수차를 감소시키기 위해 설계된 비구면 소프트콘택트렌즈를 착용시킨 후 눈에서 변화된 고위수차와 구면수차를 분석하였다. 방법: 50명의 소프트 콘택트렌즈 착용자가 연구에 참여하였으며 SDD(Soflens Daily Disposable, Bausch+Lomb) 비구면 렌즈를 착용시킨 후 Wave-Scan Wavefront$^{TM}$ aberrometer (VISX, Santa Clara, CA, USA)를 이용하여 눈 전체의 고위수차와 구면수차를 4 mm의 동공크기를 기준으로 측정하였고, 구면수차 변화량은 착용한 비구면 렌즈의 약도, 중도, 고도의 도수에 따라 비교, 분석하였다. 밝은 조명(photopic)과 어두운(mesopic) 조명상태에서 대비도를 가지는 시력표(100%와 20%)를 이용하여 시력 검사를 하였고 OPTEC 6500 Vision Tester$^{(R)}$(Stereo Optical Co., Inc., Chicago, USA)를 사용하여 밝은 조명(photopic)과 어두운(mesopic)조명 상태의 대비감도를 각각 측정하였다. 모든 측정은 산동 시키지 않은 상태에서 단안으로 시행하였다. 결과: SDD 비구면 렌즈를 착용한 경우 눈의 전체고위수차는 나안 상태보다 유의하게 감소하였고(p<0.001), 구면수차는 상당히 감소하여 0에 근접하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.001). SDD 렌즈 도수에 따라 전체고위수차 변화량(r= 0.237, p=0.018)과 구면수차 변화량(r=0.324, p=0.001)은 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다. 밝은 조명상태에서 100% 및 20% 대비도 시력은 각각 $-0.063{\pm}0.062$와 $0.119{\pm}0.060$으로 나타났고, 어두운 조명상태에서 100% 및 20% 대비도 시력은 $-0.003{\pm}0.063$과 $0.198{\pm}0.067$으로 측정되었다. 밝은 조명상태와 어두운 조명상태에서 대비감도는 각각 $3.095{\pm}0.068$과 $3.087{\pm}0.074$로 나타났다. 결론: 구면수차를 제어한 비구면 디자인의 소프렌 소프트렌즈(SDD)는 눈의 전체 고위수차와 구면수차를 감소시키고 눈의 구면수차를 보정하면서 시력의 질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
목적: 구면수차를 감소시키기 위해 설계된 비구면 소프트콘택트렌즈를 착용시킨 후 눈에서 변화된 고위수차와 구면수차를 분석하였다. 방법: 50명의 소프트 콘택트렌즈 착용자가 연구에 참여하였으며 SDD(Soflens Daily Disposable, Bausch+Lomb) 비구면 렌즈를 착용시킨 후 Wave-Scan Wavefront$^{TM}$ aberrometer (VISX, Santa Clara, CA, USA)를 이용하여 눈 전체의 고위수차와 구면수차를 4 mm의 동공크기를 기준으로 측정하였고, 구면수차 변화량은 착용한 비구면 렌즈의 약도, 중도, 고도의 도수에 따라 비교, 분석하였다. 밝은 조명(photopic)과 어두운(mesopic) 조명상태에서 대비도를 가지는 시력표(100%와 20%)를 이용하여 시력 검사를 하였고 OPTEC 6500 Vision Tester$^{(R)}$(Stereo Optical Co., Inc., Chicago, USA)를 사용하여 밝은 조명(photopic)과 어두운(mesopic)조명 상태의 대비감도를 각각 측정하였다. 모든 측정은 산동 시키지 않은 상태에서 단안으로 시행하였다. 결과: SDD 비구면 렌즈를 착용한 경우 눈의 전체고위수차는 나안 상태보다 유의하게 감소하였고(p<0.001), 구면수차는 상당히 감소하여 0에 근접하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.001). SDD 렌즈 도수에 따라 전체고위수차 변화량(r= 0.237, p=0.018)과 구면수차 변화량(r=0.324, p=0.001)은 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다. 밝은 조명상태에서 100% 및 20% 대비도 시력은 각각 $-0.063{\pm}0.062$와 $0.119{\pm}0.060$으로 나타났고, 어두운 조명상태에서 100% 및 20% 대비도 시력은 $-0.003{\pm}0.063$과 $0.198{\pm}0.067$으로 측정되었다. 밝은 조명상태와 어두운 조명상태에서 대비감도는 각각 $3.095{\pm}0.068$과 $3.087{\pm}0.074$로 나타났다. 결론: 구면수차를 제어한 비구면 디자인의 소프렌 소프트렌즈(SDD)는 눈의 전체 고위수차와 구면수차를 감소시키고 눈의 구면수차를 보정하면서 시력의 질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
Purpose: To investigate ocular higher order aberrations (HOA) and spherical aberration changes caused by an aspheric soft contact lens designed to reduce spherical aberration (SA) of the eye. Methods: Fifty subjects who have successfully experienced soft contact lenses were refitted with aspheric de...
Purpose: To investigate ocular higher order aberrations (HOA) and spherical aberration changes caused by an aspheric soft contact lens designed to reduce spherical aberration (SA) of the eye. Methods: Fifty subjects who have successfully experienced soft contact lenses were refitted with aspheric design (Soflens Daily Disposable: SDD, Bausch+Lomb) soft contact lens. Ocular higher order aberrations (HOA) and stand alone SA were measured and analyzed for a 4-mm pupil size using Wave-Scan Wavefront$^{TM}$ aberrometer (VISX, Santa Clara, CA, USA). High and low contrast log MAR visual acuity and contrast sensitivity function (CSF) were also measured under photopic and mesopic conditions (OPTEC 6500 Vision Tester$^{(R)}$). All measurements were conducted monocularly with an undilated pupil. Results: The RMS mean values for total HOA with SDD contact lenses were significantly lower than those at with unaided eyes (p<0.001) and a reduction for SA in the SDD was close to the baseline SA (zero ${\mu}m$) (p<0.001). For the SDD lens, there was a statistically significant correlation between the changes in the total HOA and the contact lens power (r=0.237, p=0.018) as well as between the changes in SA and the lens power (r=0.324, p=0.001). High contrast visual acuity (HCVA) and low contrast visual acuity (LCVA) with SDD lenses were $-0.063{\pm}0.062$ and $0.119{\pm}0.060$, respectively under photopic and $-0.003{\pm}0.063$ and $0.198{\pm}0.067$, respectively under mesopic condition. Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF) with SDD lenses under both photopic and mesopic conditions was $3.095{\pm}0.068$ and $3.087{\pm}0.074$, respectively. Conclusions: The SDD contact lens designed to control SA reduced the total ocular HOA and SA of the eye, resulting in compensating for positive SA of the eyes. Thus, the optical benefits of the lens with SA control would be adopted for improving the quality of vision.
Purpose: To investigate ocular higher order aberrations (HOA) and spherical aberration changes caused by an aspheric soft contact lens designed to reduce spherical aberration (SA) of the eye. Methods: Fifty subjects who have successfully experienced soft contact lenses were refitted with aspheric design (Soflens Daily Disposable: SDD, Bausch+Lomb) soft contact lens. Ocular higher order aberrations (HOA) and stand alone SA were measured and analyzed for a 4-mm pupil size using Wave-Scan Wavefront$^{TM}$ aberrometer (VISX, Santa Clara, CA, USA). High and low contrast log MAR visual acuity and contrast sensitivity function (CSF) were also measured under photopic and mesopic conditions (OPTEC 6500 Vision Tester$^{(R)}$). All measurements were conducted monocularly with an undilated pupil. Results: The RMS mean values for total HOA with SDD contact lenses were significantly lower than those at with unaided eyes (p<0.001) and a reduction for SA in the SDD was close to the baseline SA (zero ${\mu}m$) (p<0.001). For the SDD lens, there was a statistically significant correlation between the changes in the total HOA and the contact lens power (r=0.237, p=0.018) as well as between the changes in SA and the lens power (r=0.324, p=0.001). High contrast visual acuity (HCVA) and low contrast visual acuity (LCVA) with SDD lenses were $-0.063{\pm}0.062$ and $0.119{\pm}0.060$, respectively under photopic and $-0.003{\pm}0.063$ and $0.198{\pm}0.067$, respectively under mesopic condition. Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF) with SDD lenses under both photopic and mesopic conditions was $3.095{\pm}0.068$ and $3.087{\pm}0.074$, respectively. Conclusions: The SDD contact lens designed to control SA reduced the total ocular HOA and SA of the eye, resulting in compensating for positive SA of the eyes. Thus, the optical benefits of the lens with SA control would be adopted for improving the quality of vision.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
문제 정의
The aim of this study was to assess the aspheric soft contact lenses designed to reduce SA on total ocular HOA and SA, and its effect on the high and low contrast visual acuity and contrast sensitivity function.
The results of this study suggest that the optical benefits of aspheric soft contact lenses with SA control would be adopted for improving the quality of vision. Especially, the SDD soft lens might be greater for the average population who has positive SA of the eye or larger pupil size under mesopic conditions.
This study tried to calculate the amount of SA of the SDD itself by calculating SA changes induced by the SDD. In other words, the SA value for the lens was calcu-lated by subtracting the SA value of the lens on the eye from the SA value for the unaided eye.
제안 방법
Visual acuity was taken with best spectaclecorrected visual acuity using spectacle trial lenses and then wavefront aberration were measured with their own spherical contact lenses on and for the unaided eyes. After the ocular measures, the subjects were fitted with Soflens daily disposable (SDD) contact lenses and all subjects wearing the contact lenses were examined for acceptable movement, contration and comfort with a 이it lamp. The SDD lenses were dispensed to each subject.
The subjects were instructed to wear the SDD lenses. After wearing the SDD lenses for 15 days, all subjects came back in the morning and underwent a 이itJamp re-examination followed by high and low contrast log MAR visual acuity, and ocular aberrations with the SDD lens wear using the same procedure as the first visit. Lastly, contrast sensitivity was measured with the SDD wear.
Lastly, contrast sensitivity was measured with the SDD wear. At each visit, all measurements were carried out monocularly with an undilated pupil All measurements and contact lens fitting were performed by the same practitioner The subjects were instructed to halt their own conventional soft contact lens wear at least one day before the experimental period commenced.
, Chicago, USA) including EyeView®Functional Vision Analysis Software. Each subject was examined with five spatial frequencies (L5, 3, 6, 12 and 18 cycles per degree) and nine contrast levels, starting with the lowest spatial frequency (L5 cpd). Log CSF for each stimulus was calculated.
In other words, the SA value for the lens was calcu-lated by subtracting the SA value of the lens on the eye from the SA value for the unaided eye. For the SA changes with the SDD powers, the SDD lenses were categorized by the lens power into three groups such as high, moderate and low myopic power subgroups.
This study involved two visits. In the first visit, all subjects underwent a slit-lamp inspection and an initial optometric examination to determine optimal lens power and base curve. Visual acuity was taken with best spectaclecorrected visual acuity using spectacle trial lenses and then wavefront aberration were measured with their own spherical contact lenses on and for the unaided eyes.
In this study, we have shown that the SDD soft contact lens design used in this study reduced the total ocular HOA and SA of the eye, resulting in better HCVA and LCVA as well as CSF under both photopic and mesopic conditions. The results of this study suggest that the optical benefits of aspheric soft contact lenses with SA control would be adopted for improving the quality of vision.
Visual acuity was measured monocularly under photopic and mesopic conditions with the best spherical power correction, using a high (100%) and low (20%)-contrast ETDRS acuity charts. The testing distance was 4 m and visual acuity score was recorded using log MAR units.
대상 데이터
Aspheric soft contact lenses [Soflens Daily Disposable: SDD), B+L Incorporated, Rochester, NY USA] were used for the study Details of these lenses are listed in Table 2.
who had visited the contact lens clinic. Fifty subjects (wearing period: 29 months, range 12 to 66 months) who met no more than 0.50D of refractive cylinder were enrolled in the study, They also agreed to wear the new lens for at least 8 hours per day during this study period. Best-corrected monocular visual acuity of 20/20 or better with both contact lenses and spectacles was observed in each eye for all subjects.
The SDD lenses were dispensed to each subject. The subjects were instructed to wear the SDD lenses. After wearing the SDD lenses for 15 days, all subjects came back in the morning and underwent a 이itJamp re-examination followed by high and low contrast log MAR visual acuity, and ocular aberrations with the SDD lens wear using the same procedure as the first visit.
데이터처리
Total HOA was done for root mean square (RMS) value. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the comparisons among the lens power subgroups with the mean of the change in SA. Pearson correlation test was analyzed for correlation between ocular aberrations and refractive error in SDD lens designs or the unaided eyes.
Comparisons between the SDD and the unaided eyes were analyzed using the Paired student t-test. Total HOA was done for root mean square (RMS) value.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the comparisons among the lens power subgroups with the mean of the change in SA. Pearson correlation test was analyzed for correlation between ocular aberrations and refractive error in SDD lens designs or the unaided eyes. Origin 6.
이론/모형
Log CSF for each stimulus was calculated. Integral log CSF values proposed by Mannos and Sakrison/12] which were calculated from the five spatial frequencies obtained with the sine-wave grating charts, were used for the analysis.
성능/효과
"」이 The level of positive SA was demonstrated to be significantly higher for unaided eyes compared to the eyes with SDD lens wearJ16U7] Given that optical aberrations in the eyes with contact lenses have considerably individual variations, μ히 the effect of correcting ocular SA with aspheric contact lenses may rely on the subjects baseline aberrations. In our results, it has been clearly shown that wearing SDD lenses considerably reduced the lens wearers' baseline ocular SA, The mean SA observed in the SDD lenses is essentially near to zero and has a narrower standard deviation. In the relationship between ocular aberrations and refractive error, statistically significant correlation was found between the amount of total HOA in unaided eye and spherical equivalent refractive error (r= -0.
후속연구
Therefore, understanding the interaction of other aberrations with the eye wearing contact lens could be useful in optimizing contact lens designs for correcting ocular aberrations. Further study is needed to compare the visual performance of aspheric soft contact lenses designed to reduce spherical aberration of the eye and spherical soft contact lenses to evaluate the quality of vision.
참고문헌 (43)
Cheng X, Himebaugh NL, Kollbaum PS, Thibos LN, Bradley A. Validation of a clinical Shack-Hartmann aberrometer. Optom Vis Sci. 2003;80(8):587-595.
Salmon TO, van de Pol C. Evaluation of a clinical aberrometer for lower-order accuracy and repeatability, higherorder repeatability, and instrument myopia. Optometry. 2005;76(8):461-472.
Thibos LN. The prospects for perfect vision. J Refract Surg. 2000;16(5):S540-546.
Williams D, Yoon GY, Porter J, Guirao A, Hofer H, Cox I. Visual benefit of correcting higher order aberrations of the eye. J Refract Surg. 2000;16(5):S554-559.
Yoon GY, Williams DR. Visual performance after correcting the monochromatic and chromatic aberrations of the eye. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2002;19(2):266- 275.
Lopez-Gil N, Castejon-Mochon JF, Benito A, Marin JM, Lo-a-Foe G, Marin G, et al. Aberration generation by contact lenses with aspheric and asymmetric surfaces. J Refract Surg. 2002;18(5):S603-609.
Dietze HH, Cox MJ. Correcting ocular spherical aberration with soft contact lenses. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2004;21(4):473-485.
Atchison DA, Scott DH, Cox MJ. Mathematical treatment of ocular aberrations: a user's guide, in vision science and its applications, V. Lakshminarayanan, ed., Vol. 35 of OSA Trends in optics and photonics series. Optical Society of America. 2000:110-130.
Artal P, Berrio E, Guirao A, Piers P. Contribution of the cornea and internal surfaces to the change of ocular aberrations with age. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2002;19(1):137-143.
Mannos JL, Sakrison DJ. The effects of visual fidelity criterion on the encoding of images. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 1974;20(4):525-536.
Dietze HH, Cox MJ. On- and off-eye spherical aberration of soft contact lenses and consequent changes of effective lens power. Optom Vis Sci. 2003;80(2):126-134.
Kim SJ, Lim HS, Kim BH, Kouh JH. According to the wavelength, the analysis of individual eye model`s aberration change. J Korean Oph Opt Soc. 2008;13(3):61-64.
Hong SH, Park SB, Jeon SW, Kim DP, Lee NS, Kim JS, et al. Analysis of corneal topographic patterns and aberration in normal college students. Korean J Vis Sci. 2008; 10(4):303-316.
Lee HJ, Jung SJ, Song YY, Baek SS. Correlations of corneal anterior and posterior refractive power, spherical aberration and asphericity. Korean J Vis Sci. 2009;11(4):259- 268.
He JC, Sun P, Held R, Thorn F, Sun X, Gwiazda JE. Wavefront aberrations in eyes of emmetropic and moderately myopic school children and young adults. Vision Res. 2002;42(8):1063-1070.
Marcos S, Moreno-Barriuso E, Llorente L, Navarro R, Barbero S. Do myopic eyes suffer from larger amount of aberrations?. In: Thorn F, Troilo D, Gwiazda J, eds. Myopia 2000: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on myopia. Boston: The New England College of Optometry, 2000:118-121.
Cheng X, Bradley A, Hong X, Thibos LN. Relationship between refractive error and monochromatic aberrations of the eye. Optom Vis Sci. 2003;80(1):43-49.
Porter J, Guirao A, Cox IG, Williams DR. Monochromatic aberrations of the human eye in a large population. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2001;18(8):1793-1803.
Thibos LN, Bradley A, Hong X. A statistical model of the aberration structure of normal, well-corrected eyes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2002;22(5):427-433.
Nguyen-Khoa JL, Gicquel JJ, Lebuisson DA, Dighiero P, Maille M. Monochromatic ocular aberrations distribution in professional pilots. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005; 46:E-Abstract 1998.
Charman WN, Chateau N. The prospects for super-acuity: limits to visual performance after correction of monochromatic ocular aberration. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2003; 23(6):479-493.
De Brabander J, Chateau N, Bouchard F, Guidollet S. Contrast sensitivity with soft contact lenses compensated for spherical aberration in high ametropia. Optom Vis Sci. 1998;75(1):37-43.
Applegate RA, Ballentine C, Gross H, Sarver EJ, Sarver CA. Visual acuity as a function of zernike mode and level of root mean square error. Optom Vis Sci. 2003;80(2):97- 105.
Kim CJ, Kim HJ, Kim JM. Comparison of contrast sensitivity at near between functional progressive addition lenses and sigle vision lenses. J Korean Oph Opt Soc. 2010;15(4):381-388.
Seo JM. Analysis of the visual function in low vision patients and normals in Canada, using contrast sensitivity. J Korean Oph Opt Soc. 2009;14(3):83-88.
Cox I, Holden BA. Soft contact lens-induced longitudinal spherical aberration and its effect on contrast sensitivity. Optom Vis Sci. 1990;67(9):679-683.
Rae SM, Allen PM, Radhakrishnan H, Theagarayan B, Price HC, Sailaganathan A, Calver RI, O'Leary DJ. Increasing negative spherical aberration with soft contact lenses improves high and low contrast visual acuity in young adults. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2009;29(6):593- 601.
Legras R, Chateau N, Charman WN. Assessment of justnoticeable differences for refractive errors and spherical aberration using visual simulation. Optom Vis Sci. 2004; 81(9):718-728.
Tanabe T, Miyata K, Samejima T, Hirohara Y, Mihashi T, Oshika T. Influence of wavefront aberration and corneal subepithelial haze on low-contrast visual acuity after photorefractive keratectomy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;138(4):620-624.
Yamane N, Miyata K, Samejima T, Hiraoka T, Kiuchi T, Okamoto F, Hirohara Y, Mihashi T, Oshika T. Ocular higher-order aberrations and contrast sensitivity after conventional laser in situ keratomileusis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45(11):3986-3990.
Pesudovs K, Marsack JD, Donnelly WJ 3rd, Thibos LN, Applegate RA. Measuring visual acuity-mesopic or photopic conditions, and high or low contrast letters?. J Refract Surg. 2004;20(5):S508-514.
Perez-Carrasco MJ, Puell MC, Sanchez-Ramos C, Lopez- Castro A, Langa A. Effect of a yellow filter on contrast sensitivity and disability glare after laser in situ keratomileusis under mesopic and photopic conditions. J Refract Surg. 2005;21(2):158-165.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.