Oh, Chang-Mo
(Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine)
,
Oh, In-Hwan
(Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine)
,
Choi, Kyung-Sik
(Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine)
,
Choe, Bong-Keun
(Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine)
,
Yoon, Tai-Young
(Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine)
,
Choi, Joong-Myung
(Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine)
Objectives: The object of this study was to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and early menarche in adolescent girls in Seoul. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with 144 middle school students in Seoul who provided informed consent. We measured their body compositio...
Objectives: The object of this study was to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and early menarche in adolescent girls in Seoul. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with 144 middle school students in Seoul who provided informed consent. We measured their body composition, and used the questionnaire survey method for data collection from November to December 2008. Past elemental body composition data were collected from elementary school health records of first year of middle school. Results: The early menarcheal group was taller and heavier than the late menarcheal group (p<0.05 from 8-12 years old). The body fat percentage (%), BMI were higher in the early menarcheal girls than the late-menarcheal girls (p<0.05, age at 13). In the result of multiple logistic regression, the BMI at the age of 8 and 9 was associated with early menarche after adjusting for birth weight, breast feeding and age at menarche of the mother (BMI at the age of 8: p for trend=0.01, BMI at the age of 9: p for trend=0.04). An increase in BMI from 7 to 8 year was associated with early menarche after adjusting for birth weight, breast feeding, age at menarche of the mother (p for trend=0.048). Conclusions: The BMI at the age of 8 and 9 was associated with the early menarche of girls and increase in BMI from 7 to 8 year was associated with the early menarche of girls. These results suggest that BMI and increase in BMI before menarche cause early menarche. Although this study does not represent all Korean adolescent girls, it is one of the few studies that have investigated the temporal relationship between BMI and early menarche.
Objectives: The object of this study was to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and early menarche in adolescent girls in Seoul. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with 144 middle school students in Seoul who provided informed consent. We measured their body composition, and used the questionnaire survey method for data collection from November to December 2008. Past elemental body composition data were collected from elementary school health records of first year of middle school. Results: The early menarcheal group was taller and heavier than the late menarcheal group (p<0.05 from 8-12 years old). The body fat percentage (%), BMI were higher in the early menarcheal girls than the late-menarcheal girls (p<0.05, age at 13). In the result of multiple logistic regression, the BMI at the age of 8 and 9 was associated with early menarche after adjusting for birth weight, breast feeding and age at menarche of the mother (BMI at the age of 8: p for trend=0.01, BMI at the age of 9: p for trend=0.04). An increase in BMI from 7 to 8 year was associated with early menarche after adjusting for birth weight, breast feeding, age at menarche of the mother (p for trend=0.048). Conclusions: The BMI at the age of 8 and 9 was associated with the early menarche of girls and increase in BMI from 7 to 8 year was associated with the early menarche of girls. These results suggest that BMI and increase in BMI before menarche cause early menarche. Although this study does not represent all Korean adolescent girls, it is one of the few studies that have investigated the temporal relationship between BMI and early menarche.
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문제 정의
This study aimed to analyze whether increases in BMI act as a risk factor for early menarche by examining whether previous BMI affects the age of menarche, based on the school health records of students in their first year of middle school. The study also attempted to ascertain whether the rate of increase in BMI in early adolescence is related to early menarche by using physical measurements included in the school health records.
제안 방법
Model 1 examines the increase in BMI when the study groups grew from 7 to 8 years old, Model 2 examines the increase in BMI when the study groups grew from 8 to 9 years old, Model 3 examines the increase in BMI when the study groups grew from 9-10 years old. All models were adjusted for birth weight, breastfeeding, and age at menarche of the mother. 2 Age at menarche of mother, breastfeeding , and increase in BMI and birth weight were modeled as categorical variables.
In terms of the mother’s age at menarche and the child’s age at menarche, there could have been a memory decay bias as it determined through a questionnaire, but it is known that the accuracy is good if the age at menarche was not a long time ago [36,37]. Also, for obesity and age at menarche, because the latter is influenced by endocrine hormones, the study results should be validated through measurement of endocrine hormonal levels in the blood to strengthen their correlation.
Meanwhile, other factors affecting the age of menarche such as the mother’s age at menarche, birth weight, and breastfeeding were obtained through a questionnaire survey.
Meanwhile, other factors affecting the age of menarche such as the mother’s age at menarche, birth weight, and breastfeeding were obtained through a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire for precocious puberty survey among children, which had been previously used at Paik Hospital, adapted for this study [24]. The age was calculated by subtracting the date of birth from the date of measurement.
This study aimed to analyze whether increases in BMI act as a risk factor for early menarche by examining whether previous BMI affects the age of menarche, based on the school health records of students in their first year of middle school. The study also attempted to ascertain whether the rate of increase in BMI in early adolescence is related to early menarche by using physical measurements included in the school health records.
This study used retrospective data to investigate the relationship between BMI, which is a well-known surrogate variable for obesity, and early menarche. This study was approved by the institutional review board of Kyung Hee University for clinical studies.
대상 데이터
Of the 240 participants, 16 students who did not consent to taking the survey and did not answer the questions regarding the experience of menarche and age at menarche were excluded. Also an additional 80 people who had missing values in the survey questions and physical measurement were excluded from the study. A total of 96 students (40.
0%) were excluded. As a result, a total of 144 students (60.0%) were chosen as the study subjects of this study.
Of the 240 participants, 16 students who did not consent to taking the survey and did not answer the questions regarding the experience of menarche and age at menarche were excluded. Also an additional 80 people who had missing values in the survey questions and physical measurement were excluded from the study.
During this period, both questionnaire surveys and physical measurement surveys were conducted. The study participants were 240 first year (or grade 7) middle school students. A school notice and a survey questionnaire were sent to the selected students’ parents to obtain their consent before starting the survey.
데이터처리
1Calculated by independent t-test. 2Calculated by χ2-test.
For physical measurement, the participants’ height and weight were measured to calculate the BMI.
The early menarcheal group(≤12 years of menarcheal age) and late menarcheal group(>12 years of menarcheal age) were compared using an independent t-test and chi-squared test.
성능/효과
A trend test using a Wald test was performed to determine whether categorical variables exhibited a linear trend in the multiple logistic regression model. Also, a generalized estimating equation was used to examine whether increases in BMI year by year from 7 to 13 year varied depending on the age at menarche. For a working correlation matrix, the 1st-order autoregressive matrix that showed the lowest quasi-likelihood information criterion value was selected and 1 grade of increase was considered to correspond with one year.
Also, the finding of greater BMI at the ages of 8 and 9 even after adjusting for birth weight, breastfeeding, and mother’s age at menarche indicates that BMI is related to early menarche.
81). The AIC of the entire model that included all increases in BMI from the ages of 7 to 8, 8 to 9, and 9 to 10 was 152.68, and the AIC of Model 1 including the increase in BMI increase from the ages of 7 to 8 was the lowest at 149.38, indicating that it had the best explanatory power.
To investigate the relationship between previous BMI before menarche and early menarche, the mother’s age at menarche, birth weight, and breastfeeding, which are factors known to influence on the age of menarche, were used for a multiple logistic regression analysis [21,25,26]. The multiple logistic regression analyzed the relationship between BMI at the ages of 7, 8, and 9, and early menarche, as well as whether changes in BMI at the ages of 7 to 8, 8 to 9, and 9 to 10 before the start of menarche had any relationship with early menarche. A trend test using a Wald test was performed to determine whether categorical variables exhibited a linear trend in the multiple logistic regression model.
Such studies demonstrate that increases in body fat in early childhood and adolescence influence development during puberty. This study also showed that increases in BMI from age 7 to 8 were related to early menarche, even after adjusting for confounding factors, showing that increases in body fat precede early menarche and may even trigger early menarche.
This study suggests that the early menarcheal group had greater body weight and BMI from 8 to 10 in elementary school compared to the late menarche group. Also, the finding of greater BMI at the ages of 8 and 9 even after adjusting for birth weight, breastfeeding, and mother’s age at menarche indicates that BMI is related to early menarche.
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