[논문]태권도 프로그램이 노인의 체중심 동요와 보행에 미치는 영향

김준현; 박성진

doi:10.13066/kspm.2012.7.3.379

태권도 프로그램이 노인의 체중심 동요와 보행에 미치는 영향
Effect of Balance Ability and Walking in the Elderly by Taekwon-do Program 원문보기

대한물리의학회지 = Journal of the korean society of physical medicine, v.7 no.3, 2012년, pp.379 - 385

김준현 (대구가톨릭대학병원 물리치료실) , 박성진 (슬링연구소)

초록
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연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 태권도 프로그램이 노인의 균형능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 대상자는 본 연구에 대해 설명을 들은 후 자원한자로서 65세 이상의 노인이었다. 실험군은 태권도 프로그램 그룹으로서 17명이었다. 태권도 프로그램을 주3회씩 6주간 시행하였고 모든 대상자의 균형능력을 평가하기 위하여 BPM, GAITrite, Berg 균형척도를 실험전후로 평가하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 14.0으로 대응표본 t-test를 사용하여 유의수준 ${\alpha}$=.05에서 통계 처리 하였다. 연구결과 : 태권도 프로그램을 시행한 결과 프로그램 실행 전에 비해 오른쪽 활보폭, 왼쪽 보폭, 왼쪽 활보폭, 버그 균형척도에서 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 그리고 최대 동요속도, 동요거리, 오른쪽 기저 지지면, 오른쪽 양하지 지지기, 왼쪽 기저지지면, 왼쪽 양하지 지지기에서 통계적으로 유의한 감소가 있었다. 결론 : 태권도 프로그램을 시행한 결과 오른쪽 활보폭, 왼쪽 보폭, 왼쪽 활보폭, 버그 균형척도에서 유의한 증가와 최대 동요속도, 동요거리, 오른쪽 기저 지지면, 오른쪽 양하지 지지기, 왼쪽 기저지지면, 왼쪽 양하지 지지기에서 유의한 감소는 균형 제어에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 이러한 균형 제어 능력의 향상은 노인의 보행에 있어서의 낙상 예방에 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.

주제어

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문제 정의

Though it had been believed that taekwondo’s highly controlled and energetic movements make it a difficult exercise to master for the elderly, recent broadcasts have shown examples where the elderly successfully train in the taekwondo arts, while several studies suggest the positive impact of taekwondo on the health of the elderly (Moon Dae-Sung, 2005; Kim Ki-man, 2006). Nonetheless, there is insufficient research on the impact of taekwondo on balance functions, and this study aims to fill in this gap by conducting the following experiment.

제안 방법

The experimental group was required to do the following exercises in the course of 6 weeks: 10minutes of warm up exercises; 5minutes of kicks and 5minutes of punches in the taekwondo program; 2sets (20minutes) of palgue in the poomsae training; and 5minutes of cool down exercises. The taekwondo program for the experimental group was designed for beginners, with most movements being relatively simple.
This study also used the GAITrite to assess the impact on walking abilities. Our results showed that the taekwondo program yielded statistically meaningful increases in the right stride length, left step length, left stride length, and left single limb support time and statistically meaningful decreases in the right – base of support, right double limb support time, and left – base of support.
This study divided the participants into the effects of the exercise before and after the experiment. First, we conducted an interview to understand the general characteristics of the participants.
This study used BPM tests to gauge the effectiveness of taekwondo on oscillation. Analyzing our results on maximum oscillation velocity, oscillation area, oscillation distance, we find that oscillation distance and oscillation velocity made statistically significant decreases.

대상 데이터

The participants of this study were elderly people aged 65 or higher, who were explained the main objective of this research and voluntarily participated in the study by signing the consent form(n=17 for Taekwondo program: age: 75.58±0.58yrs., height: 155.76±1.15cm, weight: 52.64±1.57kg).

데이터처리

Paired t-test　was used to analyse the relationship between before and after training of each group (SPSS ver. 14.0, α =.05).

성능/효과

Our results for the experimental group showed that the maximum oscillation velocity decreased from 50.82 before the experiment to 38.00 after the experiment (p<.05).
Our results showed that the taekwondo program yielded statistically meaningful increases in the right stride length, left step length, left stride length, and left single limb support time and statistically meaningful decreases in the right – base of support, right double limb support time, and left – base of support.
The left – single limb support time made a meaningful increase from 37.64 to 39.43 (p<.05), while the Berg’s scale results also posted a growth from 45.70 to 50.52, which carries great statistical implications (p<.05).
Aging is said to bring changes to the walking habits by slowing the step speed, reducing step lengths, widening the base of support, and requiring longer time for double limb support (Kang soon-hee et al, 2002). The results from this study showed increases in the step length, decreases in the base of support, and decrease in the time for double limb support, while there was a correlation with the step speed. Furthermore, the step length, stride length, base of support, double limb support time for both limbs showed statistically meaningful correlation.
Our results showed that the taekwondo program yielded statistically meaningful increases in the right stride length, left step length, left stride length, and left single limb support time and statistically meaningful decreases in the right – base of support, right double limb support time, and left – base of support. The right step length and right single limb support time posted numerical increases, though they did not rise to the point of being statistically meaningful, while the right gait time, left gait time, and left double limb support time made numerical decreases that were not statistically meaningful.

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