The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the postural balance program which uses the movement accelerating field principles of posture balance training and evaluation equipment and smartphone movement accelerometer program (SMAP) in healthy young adults. A total of ...
The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the postural balance program which uses the movement accelerating field principles of posture balance training and evaluation equipment and smartphone movement accelerometer program (SMAP) in healthy young adults. A total of 34 people were appointed as the subject among the healthy young adults. By using Biodex stability system (BSS) and SMAP on the subject, the posture balance capability was evaluated. For the test-retest reliability, SMAP showed the intra-class correlation (ICC: .62~.91) and standard error measurement (SEM: .01~.08). BSS showed the moderate to high reliability of ICC (.88~.93) and SEM (.02~.20). In the reliability of inter-rater, ICC (.59~.73) as to SMAP, showed the reliability of moderate in eyes open stability all (EOSA), eyes open stability anterior posterior (EOSAP), eyes open stability medial lateral (EOSML) and eyes open dinamic all (EODA), eyes open danamic anterior posterior (EODAP), and eyes open danamic medial lateral (EODML). However, ICC showed reliability which was as low as .59 less than in other movements. In addition, BSS showed the reliability of high as ICC (.70~.75). It showed reliability which was as low as ICC (.59 less than) in other movements. In correlation to the balance by attitudes between SMAP and BSS, EOSML (r=.62), EODA (r=.75), EODML (r=.72), ECDAP (r=.64), and ECDML (r=.69) shown differ significantly (p<.05). However, the correlation noted in other movements did not differ significantly. Therefore, SMAP and BSS can be usefully used in the posture balance assessment of the static and dynamic condition with eyes opened and closed.
The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the postural balance program which uses the movement accelerating field principles of posture balance training and evaluation equipment and smartphone movement accelerometer program (SMAP) in healthy young adults. A total of 34 people were appointed as the subject among the healthy young adults. By using Biodex stability system (BSS) and SMAP on the subject, the posture balance capability was evaluated. For the test-retest reliability, SMAP showed the intra-class correlation (ICC: .62~.91) and standard error measurement (SEM: .01~.08). BSS showed the moderate to high reliability of ICC (.88~.93) and SEM (.02~.20). In the reliability of inter-rater, ICC (.59~.73) as to SMAP, showed the reliability of moderate in eyes open stability all (EOSA), eyes open stability anterior posterior (EOSAP), eyes open stability medial lateral (EOSML) and eyes open dinamic all (EODA), eyes open danamic anterior posterior (EODAP), and eyes open danamic medial lateral (EODML). However, ICC showed reliability which was as low as .59 less than in other movements. In addition, BSS showed the reliability of high as ICC (.70~.75). It showed reliability which was as low as ICC (.59 less than) in other movements. In correlation to the balance by attitudes between SMAP and BSS, EOSML (r=.62), EODA (r=.75), EODML (r=.72), ECDAP (r=.64), and ECDML (r=.69) shown differ significantly (p<.05). However, the correlation noted in other movements did not differ significantly. Therefore, SMAP and BSS can be usefully used in the posture balance assessment of the static and dynamic condition with eyes opened and closed.
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제안 방법
The Intra-rater experimental method was measured through test-retest to obtain ICC and standard error of measurement (SEM). For inter-rater method, different examiners were divided into rater A and B Rater B then conducted experiment three days after rater A conducted the experiment in order to prevent learning effect when assessing reliability. Prior to experimentation, subjects conducted 5 sets of practices and had meetings to ensure standardization of experiment execution.
In this study targeting 34 adults male and female in healthy condition, validity and reliability were assessed through inter-examiner and intra-examiner test-retest method that assessed subjects in two leg standing static position with eyes opened and closed (BSS stage 12) and in two leg standing kinetic position with eyes opened and closed (BSS stage 6). This was conducted through comparison between assessment tools of BSS and SMAP which uses a principle of motion accelerometer.
(Baker et al, 1998). In this study, even though those factors mentioned above were not completely controlled, this assessment, which used BSS and SMAP based on the principle of motion accelerometer, is a reliable one that offers varied information about the postural balance of normal adults.
This study demonstrated that validity and reliability were assessed through inter-examiner and intra-examiner test-retest method that assessed kinetic position with eyes opened and closed in healthy subjects. This was conducted through comparison between assessment tools of BSS and SMAP which uses a principle of motion accelerometer.
대상 데이터
This study investigated 34 subjects (male; 17, female; 17) who agreed to the study that are not currently using medicine and composed of people in similar age groups in order to minimize any disparity in postural ability. Also subjects consist of adults who carry established proprioceptical function, visual and vestibular centripetalism.
데이터처리
00 very high correlation (Domholdt, 2005). For validity, pearson correlation was calculated for correlation between Biodex and the motion accelerometer program. The level significance was set at p<.
Validity related to standards was measured through coefficient of correlation of each BSS and SMAP. As a result, EOSML (r=.
이론/모형
Scores of overall status, rear and front, and left and right were assessed separately for each category. The Intra-rater experimental method was measured through test-retest to obtain ICC and standard error of measurement (SEM). For inter-rater method, different examiners were divided into rater A and B Rater B then conducted experiment three days after rater A conducted the experiment in order to prevent learning effect when assessing reliability.
In this study targeting 34 adults male and female in healthy condition, validity and reliability were assessed through inter-examiner and intra-examiner test-retest method that assessed subjects in two leg standing static position with eyes opened and closed (BSS stage 12) and in two leg standing kinetic position with eyes opened and closed (BSS stage 6). This was conducted through comparison between assessment tools of BSS and SMAP which uses a principle of motion accelerometer. Originally, a force plate was used to measure fluctuations in center of pressure in order to standardize balance control and assess static and kinetic balance as well.
성능/효과
08. Also for BSS, EOSML and eyes close dynamic medial lateral (ECDML) had lowest ICC of .88 and eyes open stability all (EOSA) carried ICC of .93 displaying highest level of reliability. SEM ranged from .
82. Also when validity was tested with SMAP under identical condition as BSS, other positions displayed very high levels of reliability indicated by r=.92 even though EOSML carried moderate levels of reliability indicated by ICC (r=.62). Therefore it is assumed that SMAP can also be used as a tool for postural assessment in clinical experiments.
As a result, EOSML (r=.62), EODA (r=.75), EODML (r=.72), ECDAP (r=.64), ECDML (r=.69) displayed significant correlation (p<.001) and no significant correlation was found in rest of actions (Table 4).
The reliability between SMAP and BSS was assessed by two physical therapists that have over 10 years of clinical experience. As a result, ICC of EOSA, EOSAP, EOSML, ECSA, ECSAP, and ECSML ranged from .59～.73 displaying a reliability for SMAP and ICC of rest actions was below .59 indicating a low level of reliability (Table 3).
, 1997; Schmitz and Arnold, 1998). As a result, eyes open stability medial lateral (EOSML) had lowest ICC of .62 and eyes open dynamic anterior posterior (EODAP) had highest ICC of .91 for SMAP indicating highest level reliability. SEM ranged from .
Obtained coefficients of intraclass correlation of SMAP through intra-examiner test-retest methods based on built in SMAP displayed high levels of reliability in both static and kinetic balance while displaying high levels of reliability with BSS indicated by coefficient of intraclass correlation. Based on this result, it is assumed that the program will be practical considering that SMAP created results similar to that of BSS through balance assessment in EOSML, EODA, EODML, ECDAP, and ECDML and it has an ability to assess overall, rear and front, and left and right balance in static and kinetic condition with eyes opened.
This indicates that the condition of closed eyes cannot be used for postural balance assessment through SMAP due to low reliability. For correlation between assessment results of SMAP and BSS, there appeared to be moderate to high correlations in EOSML (r=.62), EODA (r=.75), EODML (r=.72), ECDAP (r=.64), and ECDML (r=.69) and low correlations were present in rest of the postures. This indicates that when SMAP is used to assess EOSML, EODA, EODML, ECDAP, ECDML postures, results that are similar to that of assessments conducted through BSS will be displayed.
However, results of reliability tests between BSS and SMAP carried moderate levels of reliability (ICC, r=.59∼.73) only among EOSA, EOSAP, EOSML, ECSA, ECSAP and ECSML, and the level of ICC is as low as that reliability was in doubt under conditions of posture with eyes closed.
As shown above, it is indicated that stability can change according to alterations of knee locations. In this study, ICC ranged from .88 to .93 under conditions with opened and closed eyes in BSS. This result displays an outcome similar to that of Arnold and Schmitz (1998) which displayed ICC of .
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