목적 : 본 연구는 노년층의 여성에게 신맥(BL62), 조해(KI6)혈에 대한 저주파자극이 뇌파에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고 뇌 기능을 개선하는데 비화학적이고 비침습적인 자극 방법의 후보로써 가능성을 탐구해보고자 실시된 탐색적 연구이다. 방법 : 31명의 건강한 여성 피험자(평균연령, 54.5세)를 대상으로 이중맹검 무작위배정 임상연구가 12세션동안 실시되었다. 시험군에서는 감지할 수 없는 최대의 저주파자극이 실시되었으며(평균전류량, $0.04{\mu}A$), 대조군에서는 거짓자극이 실시되었다. 결과분석을 위해 12세션을 전후로 배경뇌파가 측정되었다. 결과 : 12세션의 자극이 실시된 후 대조군에 비해 실험군의 알파파 상대값은 11채널에서 유의한 증가를 보였으며(p<0.05), 감마파의 상대값은 7채널에서, 세타파의 상대값은 10채널에서 유의한 감소를 보였다. 결론 : 발목관절에 있는 신맥(BL62), 조해(KI6)혈에 대한 저주파 자극은 노년의 여성의 뇌에 베타, 세타, 감마파의 감소를 일으키는 반면 알파파를 선택적으로 증가시켜 뇌를 안정시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 보인다. 이러한 결과는 저주파자극이 향후 스트레스와 관련된 인지 문제를 치료하는 비침습적이고 비화학적인 도구로써의 가능성을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 보이며, 그 기전에 대한 추가적 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.
목적 : 본 연구는 노년층의 여성에게 신맥(BL62), 조해(KI6)혈에 대한 저주파자극이 뇌파에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고 뇌 기능을 개선하는데 비화학적이고 비침습적인 자극 방법의 후보로써 가능성을 탐구해보고자 실시된 탐색적 연구이다. 방법 : 31명의 건강한 여성 피험자(평균연령, 54.5세)를 대상으로 이중맹검 무작위배정 임상연구가 12세션동안 실시되었다. 시험군에서는 감지할 수 없는 최대의 저주파자극이 실시되었으며(평균전류량, $0.04{\mu}A$), 대조군에서는 거짓자극이 실시되었다. 결과분석을 위해 12세션을 전후로 배경뇌파가 측정되었다. 결과 : 12세션의 자극이 실시된 후 대조군에 비해 실험군의 알파파 상대값은 11채널에서 유의한 증가를 보였으며(p<0.05), 감마파의 상대값은 7채널에서, 세타파의 상대값은 10채널에서 유의한 감소를 보였다. 결론 : 발목관절에 있는 신맥(BL62), 조해(KI6)혈에 대한 저주파 자극은 노년의 여성의 뇌에 베타, 세타, 감마파의 감소를 일으키는 반면 알파파를 선택적으로 증가시켜 뇌를 안정시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 보인다. 이러한 결과는 저주파자극이 향후 스트레스와 관련된 인지 문제를 치료하는 비침습적이고 비화학적인 도구로써의 가능성을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 보이며, 그 기전에 대한 추가적 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.
Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the general effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation of the ankle joint acupuncture points(BL62 and KI6) on the brain waves of elderly women as a pilot study to figure out the possibility of candidate non-invasive and non-chemical stimulation metho...
Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the general effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation of the ankle joint acupuncture points(BL62 and KI6) on the brain waves of elderly women as a pilot study to figure out the possibility of candidate non-invasive and non-chemical stimulation method for the enhancing the brain function. Methods : A randomized, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial was performed in 31 healthy women(mean age, 54.5 years) within a treatment duration of 12 sessions. In the experimental group, low-frequency electrical stimulation was applied using the maximum range of the individual insensible strength(mean current, $0.04{\mu}A$). The control group received sham stimulation. The background electroencephalographic activity was measured before and after the12 sessions. Results : After 12 sessions of stimulation, the relative power of the alpha wave increased(32 of 32 channels: significant difference in 11 channels, p<0.05); the theta(30 of 32 channels: significant difference in 10 channels, p<0.05), beta(31 of 32 channels), and gamma(30 of 32 channels: significant difference in 7 channels, p<0.05) powers were also decreased compared with the sham group. Conclusions : Electrical stimulation on the ankle joint acupuncture points(BL62 and KI6) seemed to stabilize the elderly women brain by inducing the alpha power and reducing beta, theta, and gamma powers. These results provide insight into the action mechanism of the stimulation and can assist the future developement of a non-invasive and non-chemical treatment technique for stressor related cognitive problems.
Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the general effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation of the ankle joint acupuncture points(BL62 and KI6) on the brain waves of elderly women as a pilot study to figure out the possibility of candidate non-invasive and non-chemical stimulation method for the enhancing the brain function. Methods : A randomized, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial was performed in 31 healthy women(mean age, 54.5 years) within a treatment duration of 12 sessions. In the experimental group, low-frequency electrical stimulation was applied using the maximum range of the individual insensible strength(mean current, $0.04{\mu}A$). The control group received sham stimulation. The background electroencephalographic activity was measured before and after the12 sessions. Results : After 12 sessions of stimulation, the relative power of the alpha wave increased(32 of 32 channels: significant difference in 11 channels, p<0.05); the theta(30 of 32 channels: significant difference in 10 channels, p<0.05), beta(31 of 32 channels), and gamma(30 of 32 channels: significant difference in 7 channels, p<0.05) powers were also decreased compared with the sham group. Conclusions : Electrical stimulation on the ankle joint acupuncture points(BL62 and KI6) seemed to stabilize the elderly women brain by inducing the alpha power and reducing beta, theta, and gamma powers. These results provide insight into the action mechanism of the stimulation and can assist the future developement of a non-invasive and non-chemical treatment technique for stressor related cognitive problems.
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제안 방법
3) Procedure details: The experimental procedure comprised 14 sessions as follows: The firstday-Background EEG mesurement, the second day-first low-frequency electrical stimulation(in this session, the subjects were randomly divided into the real and sham groups), Second to the 13th day-low-frequency electrical stimulation, 14th day-Background EEG mesurement. Stimulation is carred out 3 times a week and the interval of each session was guided more than 1 day.
Data were acquired using a 32 monopolar electrode, a 256-Hz sampling rate, and a 0.5∼50 Hz band-path filter, and saved into a computer through a 12-bit AD conversion and analyzed using a dedicated analysis software(TeleScan CD-TS-2.2, Laxtha, korea).
Electroacupuncture was first proposed in 1816 by Louis Berlioz in France, who suggested that electrical stimulation combined with acupuncture could enhance the effectiveness of a treatment. He used low-frequency electrical stimulation on acupuncture needles and attempted to enhance the needling stimulation on the acupuncture point. After 180 years, a Chinese researcher found that a 2-Hz stimulation can increase Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe levels, while a 100 Hz stimulation increases dynorphin A levels in the cerebrospinal fluid15).
Their appearance was same, and no indications were allowed. The subjects were recruited consecutively, and the electrical code set was selected in a random way for each subject. At the end of the first session, identification numbers were given to the subjects and electrical codes for matching.
We focused on this record. Therefore, considering recent research results and the traditional records, we tried to investigate the effect of low-frequency electrical stimulation, and figure out the possibility of candidate non-invasive and non-chemical stimulation method for the enhancing the brain function in this study.
This study was conducted to find the effects of low-frequency electrical stimulationon the BL62 and KI6acupoints in the brain activity of the aged population and got a result of selective increase in alpha wave area. However, as a pilot study, we only chose women, the reason why they are easier to recruit and control the alcohole-free condition, and normal sleep state, etc.
대상 데이터
The electrodes were attached according to the international 10∼20 system(Fig. 2).
This study was a double-blinded, randomized-controlled, parallel trial conducted in a clinical research center in South Korea from March to June 2011; Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine(Daejeon University Hospital). The institutional review board approved the research protocol before study onset.
데이터처리
To determine the differences between the real and sham groups, the EEG changes of the relative power in alpha, beta, theta, gamma wave were examined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA, model: difference=stim＋baseline). To calibrate individual differences and normalize, relative power was used.
이론/모형
The overall blindness index of the study was tested using the Fisher’s exact test.
성능/효과
1) Relative alpha wave power: The relative alpha power was increased in the real group at all channels, while that in the sham group showed a decrease in 26 of 32 channels. Eleven of 32 channels on the area around parietal lobe(F3, C3, CP3, P3, Cp4, P4, Fz, Fcz, Cpz, Pz, and Poz) showed significant increases between the 2 groups(Fig.
2) Relative beta wave power: The relative beta power was decreased in the real group at all channels, while the sham group showed a decrease in 11 of 32 channels; however, no channel showed a significant difference between the 2 groups(Fig. 6).
3) Relative gamma wave power: The relative gamma power was decreased in the real group at 30 of 32 channels, while that in the sham group showed an increase in 19 of 32 channels. Seven of 32 channels including parietal lobe and frontal lobe(Fp2, F3, Fc3, Afz, Fz, Fcz, and Cpz) showed a significant decrease between the 2 groups(Fig.
4) Relative theta wave power: The relative theta power was decreased in the real group at 26 of 32 channels, while the sham group showed an increase in 30 of 32 channels. Ten of 32 channels including parietal lobe, occipital lobe and right temporal lobe(Po5, Cp3, P3, Ft8, T8, Tp8, Po6, P4, Fcz, and Poz) showed a significant decrease compared with the sham group(Fig.
Because slower brain process speed is regarded as signs of the aging process23). In this study, despite the reduction in the fast waves(gamma and beta), the theta wave was not increased, but reduced significantly. Therefore, the alpha wave was selectively increased in the slow-wave area.
후속연구
At the other hand, there was only Background EEG analysis, and no study was done with the stress related questionares or else. We hope that another study in volving the related questionares will be conducted in a near future, focusing on its effects on stress reduction and associated brain activites with both gender subject.
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