[논문]수치모델링 실험을 통한 서해 천수만의 조류와 조석잔차류 특성

정광영; 노영재; 김백진

doi:10.9765/kscoe.2013.25.4.207

수치모델링 실험을 통한 서해 천수만의 조류와 조석잔차류 특성
Characteristics of Tidal Current and Tidal Residual Current in the Chunsu Bay, Yellow Sea, Korea based on Numerical Modeling Experiments 원문보기

한국해안·해양공학회논문집 = Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, v.25 no.4, 2013년, pp.207 - 218

정광영 (충남대학교 자연과학대학 해양환경과학과) , 노영재 (충남대학교 자연과학대학 해양환경과학과) , 김백진 (충남대학교 자연과학대학 해양환경과학과)

초록
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수치 모델링 실험을 활용하여 서해 천수만의 해수 유동과 그 변화를 이해하기 위한 연구를 수행했다. 모델링 실험 결과에 대한 검증을 위해 관측 자료의 조위와 조류 각각 4대 분조의 진폭과 위상을 이용하여 스킬 분석을 실시했다. 그 결과 스킬 점수는 대부분 90%가 넘는 것으로 보아 수치 모델링 실험 결과는 관측된 조위와 조류가 양호하게 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 천수만의 조석파는 만 입구에서 안쪽으로 진행되며 북부로 갈수록 조차는 점차 증가했다. 조석파가 북부까지 도달하는데 약 10~30분의 시간이 소요되었다. 남부에서 조석파는 반시계 방향으로 회전하는 특성을 보였다. 조류는 해저 지형을 따라 남-북 방향으로 흘렀으며, 장축의 각도는 등수심선과 나란히 나타났다. 조류타원의 단축이 장축의 10% 이하로 왕복성 조류의 특성을 보였다. 수심과 해안선 등 지형적 요인에 의해 좌우되는 조석잔차류의 크기는 1~30 cm/sec의 범위를 보였고, 남쪽 수로에서 컸으며 만의 북부에서는 작았다. 조석잔차류로부터 유도된 상대와도를 통해 수 백 m에서 수 km 크기로 시계/반시계 방향으로 회전하는 와류를 확인했고, 죽도 주변에서 2쌍, 남부에서 형성된 3~4쌍의 강한 와류 특성을 파악했다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study is based on a series of numerical modeling experiments to understand the circulation and its change in the Chunsu Bay (CSB), Yellow Sea of Korea. A skill analysis was performed for the tidal height and tidal current of the observation data using the amplitude and phase of the 4 major tidal constituents respectively for verification of modeling experimental results. As a result, most of the skill score was seen to be over 90%, so numerical model experiment results can be said to be in good agreement with the observed tidal height and tidal current. Tidal wave proceeded from the entrance of the CSB towards inside, and the tidal range gradually increased to the north. It took about 10 to 30 minutes for the tidal wave to reach to northern end. The tidal wave showed a characteristic to rotate counter-clockwise in the southern part. The tidal current flowed to the north-south direction along the bottom topography; the angle of the major axis appeared alongside the isobath. It showed the characteristics of reversing tidal current with the minor axis less than 10% of the major axis. The strength of the tidal residual current that is influenced by geographical factors including bathymetry and coastline showed the range of 1~30 cm/sec, greater in the south channel and smaller in northern Bay. Two pairs of cyclonic/anti-cyclonic eddies around Jukdo and 3~4 pairs of strong eddies at the southern part of CSB in hundreds of m to a few km size by relative vorticity derived from the tidal residual current.

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문제 정의

We intend to describe the results of intensive numerical modeling experiments in three separate papers in that in Paper 1, characteristics of tide and tidal current are analyzed in terms of tidal constituents; in Paper 2, the impact of summertime freshwater discharge on the modification of tidal current and its ellipse characteristics and change of 3D structure of salinity field; in Paper 3, the wind-driven current and its influence on the destratification of water column will be described. The objective of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of the tide, tidal current, and its residual current with associated vorticity field.

가설 설정

The pattern of tidal residual current can be summarized as follows. 1) The velocity range of the residual current in northern CSB is 1~7 cm/sec, and a large 10~30 cm / sec in the south. 2) Paired in clockwise/counter-clockwise direction, several tidal residual currents exist near Jukdo at the central CSB at a velocity of 5~15 cm/sec, and at the southern entrance to CSB at 20~30 cm/sec.
Tidal ellipse characteristics of CSB can be summarized as follows. 1) Tidal current is recti-linear with ratio of minor/major axis very small less than 0.2. 2) The orientation of the major axis was in north-south direction along the isobath.
1) Tidal current is recti-linear with ratio of minor/major axis very small less than 0.2. 2) The orientation of the major axis was in north-south direction along the isobath. 3) Around the Jukdo island, the current pattern shows more elliptical shape.
2) The orientation of the major axis was in north-south direction along the isobath. 3) Around the Jukdo island, the current pattern shows more elliptical shape. 4) The major axis of the M₂ tidal constituent was approximately 2 times bigger than that of S₂.
3) Around the Jukdo island, the current pattern shows more elliptical shape. 4) The major axis of the M₂ tidal constituent was approximately 2 times bigger than that of S₂. To represent the tidal ellipse parameters in the CSB, ten grid points are selected (Fig.

제안 방법

We used the mean sea level (MSL) data for model depth. In order to get a better understanding of the seawater circulation in the surface layer and the bottom layer, it was divided into 9 vertical sigma layers; most surface layer grids affected by the freshwater inflow were constructed with the vertical grid size of 0.5 m or less.
In this study, numerical modeling experiments were carried out in order to understand the characteristics of tide and tidal current, and its residual current. The model results were validated with the measured data for the validation of modeling experimental results, which were verified through skills analysis using the amplitude and phase of 4 major tidal constituent (M₂, S₂, K₁ and O₁) of current velocity and sealevel.
In this study, series of numerical modeling experiments were carried out and the results were analyzed to understand the tidal dynamics, the density-driven current caused by the freshwater discharge from the KW/BN tidal embankment, and the wind-driven current caused by the local wind. We intend to describe the results of intensive numerical modeling experiments in three separate papers in that in Paper 1, characteristics of tide and tidal current are analyzed in terms of tidal constituents; in Paper 2, the impact of summertime freshwater discharge on the modification of tidal current and its ellipse characteristics and change of 3D structure of salinity field; in Paper 3, the wind-driven current and its influence on the destratification of water column will be described.
14 m along thewestern boundary. Model performances were evaluated based on the skill analyses in terms of tidal harmonics and tidal current ellipse parameters (not shown in this paper).
The author has performing and reported a variety of researches recently for two years as follows by utilizing a numerical model in order to understand the physical characteristics of CSB with many of these issues. Hydrodynamic and hydrographic conditions in the CSB was observed and analyzed in detail using current meter records and water quality instrument by the present author(Jung et al.
There are few researches until currently, however, on the physical process and characteristics in CSB and their impact to the ecosystem. Therefore, the importance of this study are as follows: first, the physical understanding of circulation(tidal current, density-driven current, and wind-driven current) with complex coastline and bottom topography considering the freshwater inflow from Kanwolho (hereafter, KW) and Bunamho(hereafter, BN), and the impact of the wind; second, understanding of changes in the ecosystem including eutrophication and the hypoxia, imminent regional issues from these geophysical processes.

대상 데이터

1. Map for the study area with locations for the various stations in the Chunsu Bay (CSB), Yellow Sea of Korea.
The CSB is located in the western coast of the Korean peninsula facing the Yellow Sea. It is a semi-closed north-south elongated bay blocked by the Seosan AB tidal embankment in the north.

데이터처리

In this study, numerical modeling experiments were carried out in order to understand the characteristics of tide and tidal current, and its residual current. The model results were validated with the measured data for the validation of modeling experimental results, which were verified through skills analysis using the amplitude and phase of 4 major tidal constituent (M₂, S₂, K₁ and O₁) of current velocity and sealevel. The results of skill analyses for the 4 major tidal constituents of sea level showed that mostly 90%, and the phase, 95%.

이론/모형

The numerical model for CSB estuarine used in this study is ECOM3D, a three-dimensional, sigma coordinate, hydrostatic, primitive equation model derived from Princeton Ocean Model (Blumberg and Mellor, 1987). No salt and heat flux conditions are applied to the surface boundary.

성능/효과

(1998) and Choi (2004), northwestern flows are present along the coast in the waters near KW/BN seawall north of CSB. 4) Overall, mostly northward flows were dominant in eastern CSB, and southward flows were dominant in the west. 5) Northward residual current is distributed mostly in the middle of the Bay, and southward tidal residual current is distributed along the coast.
The farther north of CSB, the flow rate significantly reduced compared to southern part. According to the analysis result of the tidal ellipse of the 4 major tidal constituents, the minor axis was under the size of 10% of the major axis, showing the characteristics of reversing tide, with the angle of the major axis side-by-side with the isobath. In CSB, the size of the M₂tidal constituent was about twice larger than S₂ tidal constituent.
4, the time-series of the sea level shows the semi-diurnal oscillation with fortnight modulation. The results of modeling experiments showed the spring range of 622 cm in Boryeong located at CSB entrance, 608 cm in adjacent Kojeong, and high 650 cm in KW north of CSB about 25 km away from Boryeong. The range at neap tide showed 210, 232 and 242 cm in Boryeong, Kojeong and KW respectively.
The model results were validated with the measured data for the validation of modeling experimental results, which were verified through skills analysis using the amplitude and phase of 4 major tidal constituent (M₂, S₂, K₁ and O₁) of current velocity and sealevel. The results of skill analyses for the 4 major tidal constituents of sea level showed that mostly 90%, and the phase, 95%. The results of skill analyses for tidal current for M₂, S₂ tidal constituents shows higher than 90%, while those for K₁ and O₁ constituents were around 70~78% and 60~90%.
The results of skill analyses for the 4 major tidal constituents of sea level showed that mostly 90%, and the phase, 95%. The results of skill analyses for tidal current for M₂, S₂ tidal constituents shows higher than 90%, while those for K₁ and O₁ constituents were around 70~78% and 60~90%.

참고문헌 (36)

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