침자극에 의한 안정성 네트워크 변화를 관찰하기 위한 Regional Homogeneity와 Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuation의 변화 비교: fMRI연구 Changes of Regional Homogeneity and Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuation on Resting-State Induced by Acupuncture원문보기
목적 : 침치료는 침자극을 가한 뒤, 발침한 뒤에 효과를 나타낸다. 그러므로 침연구에 있어서 침자극을 가하고 발침한 뒤에 나타나는 침의 반응을 관찰하여야 할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 안정성 네트워크를 이용하여 침자극 후의 반응을 관찰하여 발침 후에 뇌에 미치는 침의 반응을 관찰하였다. 방법 : 침자극에 의하여 나타나는 안정성 네트워크의 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 기능성 자기공명 영상장치를 사용하여 12명의 건강인을 대상으로 우측 양릉천 혈자리에 자침한 후, 침자극 전후의 뇌를 촬영하였다. 그리고 regional homogeneity(ReHo)와 amplitude of low frequency fluctuation(ALFF)를 이용하여 데이터를 분석하였다. 결과 : ReHo와 ALFF에서 공통적으로 안정성 네트워크가 증가된 영역은 좌우측 중전두이랑, 좌측 내측전두이랑, 좌측 상전두이랑, 그리고 우측 뒤쪽 띠이랑의 뇌부위였다. 특히 ReHo분석 결과 섬엽, 앞쪽 띠이랑과 선조체에서 안정성 네트워크가 증가된 것이 관찰되었는데, 이들 영역은 침의 진통작용과 관련된 영역들이다. 하지만 ALFF 분석결과에서는 이들 영역들이 나타나지 않았다. 결론 : ReHo와 ALFF 모두에서 침자극에 의한 안정성 네트워크의 변화를 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 ReHo분석을 통하여 침자극에 의한 진통관련 영역들의 반응을 관찰할 수 있었다.
목적 : 침치료는 침자극을 가한 뒤, 발침한 뒤에 효과를 나타낸다. 그러므로 침연구에 있어서 침자극을 가하고 발침한 뒤에 나타나는 침의 반응을 관찰하여야 할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 안정성 네트워크를 이용하여 침자극 후의 반응을 관찰하여 발침 후에 뇌에 미치는 침의 반응을 관찰하였다. 방법 : 침자극에 의하여 나타나는 안정성 네트워크의 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 기능성 자기공명 영상장치를 사용하여 12명의 건강인을 대상으로 우측 양릉천 혈자리에 자침한 후, 침자극 전후의 뇌를 촬영하였다. 그리고 regional homogeneity(ReHo)와 amplitude of low frequency fluctuation(ALFF)를 이용하여 데이터를 분석하였다. 결과 : ReHo와 ALFF에서 공통적으로 안정성 네트워크가 증가된 영역은 좌우측 중전두이랑, 좌측 내측전두이랑, 좌측 상전두이랑, 그리고 우측 뒤쪽 띠이랑의 뇌부위였다. 특히 ReHo분석 결과 섬엽, 앞쪽 띠이랑과 선조체에서 안정성 네트워크가 증가된 것이 관찰되었는데, 이들 영역은 침의 진통작용과 관련된 영역들이다. 하지만 ALFF 분석결과에서는 이들 영역들이 나타나지 않았다. 결론 : ReHo와 ALFF 모두에서 침자극에 의한 안정성 네트워크의 변화를 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 ReHo분석을 통하여 침자극에 의한 진통관련 영역들의 반응을 관찰할 수 있었다.
Objectives : Our study aimed to investigate the sustained effects of sham (SHAM) and verum acupuncture (ACUP) into the post-stimulus resting state. Methods : In contrast to previous studies, in order to define the changes in resting state induced by acupuncture, changes were evaluated with a multi-m...
Objectives : Our study aimed to investigate the sustained effects of sham (SHAM) and verum acupuncture (ACUP) into the post-stimulus resting state. Methods : In contrast to previous studies, in order to define the changes in resting state induced by acupuncture, changes were evaluated with a multi-method approach by using regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF). Twelve healthy participants received SHAM and ACUP stimulation right GB34 (Yanglingquan) and the neural changes between post- and pre-stimulation were detected. Results : The following results were found; in both ReHo and ALFF, the significant foci of; left and right middle frontal gyrus, left medial frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, and right posterior cingulate cortex, areas that are known as a default mode network, showed increased connectivity. In addition, in ReHo, but not in ALFF, brain activation changes in the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and the thalamus, which are associated with acupuncture pain modulation, were found. Conclusions : In this study, results obtained by using ReHo and ALFF, showed that acupuncture can modulate the post-stimulus resting state and that ReHo, but not ALFF, can also detect the neural changes that were induced by the acupuncture stimulations. Although more future studies with ReHo and ALFF will be needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn, our study shows that particularly ReHo could be an interesting method for future clinical neuroimaging studies on acupuncture.
Objectives : Our study aimed to investigate the sustained effects of sham (SHAM) and verum acupuncture (ACUP) into the post-stimulus resting state. Methods : In contrast to previous studies, in order to define the changes in resting state induced by acupuncture, changes were evaluated with a multi-method approach by using regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF). Twelve healthy participants received SHAM and ACUP stimulation right GB34 (Yanglingquan) and the neural changes between post- and pre-stimulation were detected. Results : The following results were found; in both ReHo and ALFF, the significant foci of; left and right middle frontal gyrus, left medial frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, and right posterior cingulate cortex, areas that are known as a default mode network, showed increased connectivity. In addition, in ReHo, but not in ALFF, brain activation changes in the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and the thalamus, which are associated with acupuncture pain modulation, were found. Conclusions : In this study, results obtained by using ReHo and ALFF, showed that acupuncture can modulate the post-stimulus resting state and that ReHo, but not ALFF, can also detect the neural changes that were induced by the acupuncture stimulations. Although more future studies with ReHo and ALFF will be needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn, our study shows that particularly ReHo could be an interesting method for future clinical neuroimaging studies on acupuncture.
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문제 정의
This study aimed to investigate the changes in resting state networks after sham (SHAM) and verum acupuncture (ACUP) with ReHo and ALFF. It was hypothesized that acupuncture would modulate post-stimulus rest in a multi-method approach.
가설 설정
This study aimed to investigate the changes in resting state networks after sham (SHAM) and verum acupuncture (ACUP) with ReHo and ALFF. It was hypothesized that acupuncture would modulate post-stimulus rest in a multi-method approach. Moreover, it was expected that both ReHo and ALFF are suitable methods in order to create a deeper insight in the changes in the resting-state brain network induced by acupuncture.
제안 방법
5 mm) were collected. During scanning, participants remained in the supine position with their heads immobilized by cushioned supports and wore ear plugs throughout the experiment to attenuate MRI gradient noise. Moreover, they were instructed to rest with their eyes closed and not to move.
To investigate the sustained effects of acupuncture into post-stimulus rest; changes of regional homogeneity (ReHo), which measures the temporal similarity of voxels within a given cluster in a voxel-wise fasion18) and amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF)19,20), which quantifies the strength of the fluctuations in each voxel, on “resting-state networks” were evaluated.
대상 데이터
After SHAM and ACUP, another “REST” condition of 4 min followed. The structural images were acquired between SHAM and ACUP. Finally, although the participants were told that the order was randomized, the actual order was SHAM first and ACUP second (Fig.
Twelve healthy participants entered our study, six were males and six were females, and their ages ranged from 35 to 71 (mean age 56.4±9.8).
이론/모형
In the current study, the 27 nearest neighboring voxels were defined as a cluster and a KCC value (range 0∼1) was given to the voxel at the center of this cluster. A custom software routine, Resting-State fMRI Data Analysis Toolkit (REST, http://resting-fmri.sourceforge.net) was used for ReHo analysis in a voxel-wise fashion. For all participants, the ReHo map was spatially smoothed with 9 mm of full width at half maximum (FWHM).
Kendal coefficient of concordance (KCC)13,18) was used for measuring the similarity of the time series within a functional cluster based on the regional homogeneity hypothesis18). In the current study, the 27 nearest neighboring voxels were defined as a cluster and a KCC value (range 0∼1) was given to the voxel at the center of this cluster.
성능/효과
After-before ACUP, the left and right middle frontal gyrus (BA 6/8), left and right medial frontal gyrus (BA 8/10/11), left and right superior temporal gyrus (BA 13/22/39), left and right cerebellum, left superior frontal gyrus (BA 8), right middle temporal gyrus (BA 39), righ posterior cingulate (BA 30/31), right fusiform gyrus (BA 37), right precuneus (BA 39), right cingulate gyrus (BA 31), right caudate head, right putamen, right lingual gyrus (BA 19) and right parahippocampal gyrus (BA 27) were demonstrated.
In ReHo, but not ALFF, activations of; left and right inferior frontal gyrus, left precuneus, left angular gyrus, left caudate body, left putamen, left ACC, left thalamus, left cingulate gyrus, right insula, and right superior frontal gyrus were significantly increased. In ALFF, but not ReHo, activations of left superior temporal gyrus, left cerebellum, right middle temporal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, right precuneus, right cingulate gyrus, right caudate head, right putamen, right lingual gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus, and right cerebellum were significantly increased.
In this study, in which a multi-method approach was used, it was shown that acupuncture can modulate post-stimulus rest. Moreover, it was found that ReHo and ALFF are suitable methods in order to better understand the changes in the resting-state brain network induced by acupuncture.
Using Resting-State fMRI Data Analysis Toolkit (REST, http://resting-fmri.sourceforge.net), the time course of each voxel was transformed to the frequency domain, and ALFF was calculated as the amplitude integral over a frequency range of 0.01∼0.08 Hz.
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