[논문]Study on Devaluation of Public Housing in United States: Public Housing in the Past, Present and Future

Shin, Wonhye

doi:10.5659/aikar.2014.16.4.185

Study on Devaluation of Public Housing in United States: Public Housing in the Past, Present and Future 원문보기

Architectural research, v.16 no.4, 2014년, pp.185 - 192

Shin, Wonhye (School of Architecture, Hanyang University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

As the cities developed and grew into larger metropolises, land value grew and land invariably became an asset. One of very critical causalities of such widespread need for development was the urban residence that got converted into cesspools of urban slum, major crime area and rapidly degraded. Incessant population growth of these cities called for more land to build residences especially the economically affordable and safe housings were needed for the citizens of none or low-income community. However, not enough attentions have yet been given to the essential basics of human habitation that exist within metropolitan limits by social, economical and political aspects. The following paper studies and elaborates the development motivation adopted by the government to develop public housing in the United States under the technical guidance of supporters and developers from national and international communities. The paper discusses current situation of public housing in the United States with a focus on understanding the present status of public housing and physical condition of their surroundings, strategies for fund mobilization, types of local involvement and community participation, ways of continuous monitoring and maintenance, etc. thereby creating a self-sustaining and integrated management plan for public housings in the future.

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문제 정의

In no small part because of the many problems that many public housing projects from the very beginning, government support for public housing has waned over the decades. In this paper, I will examine some of the possible paths forward that might be taken for supporters of public housing, public housing that meets the needs of the entire community in which it resides.
This paper gives a brief overview of the history of public housing and investigates several public housing developments in United States. For this investigation, several samples that could represent entire nation and the ones that could examine differences between prior policy and later one are chosen.
This study aims to understand the various issues related with development of public housing in the United States. Very specifically it assesses to overcome poverty for low-income communities and to secure the safety of surrounding area in terms of health and crime rate.

제안 방법

As these articles, the projects were intended to end the spatial concentration of poverty that previous public housing produced by creating mixed income communities that accommodated marketrate units, affordable housing for middle-income families, and traditional subsidized housing. ⁸

대상 데이터

This study compares the previous federal public housing program and latest development program. The five cases chosen for study are Shore Park/Shore Terrace (Atlantic City, NJ), Ida B. Wells Homes/Wells Extension/Madden Park Homes(Chicago, IL), Few Gardens (Durham, NC), Easter Hill (Richmond, CA), East Capitol Dwellings (Washington, D.C.).
This paper selected a site in Chicago out of five sites—Shore Park/Shore Terrace (Atlantic City, NJ), Ida B. Wells Homes/Wells Extension/Madden Park Homes (Chicago, IL), Few Gardens (Durham, NC), Easter Hill (Richmond, CA), and East Capitol Dwellings (Washington, D.C.).

성능/효과

With public housing labeled a failure, it seemed reasonable to send families to the private market with a rent subsidy – the Housing Choice Voucher. And two, public housing families were held back by their neighbors who, according to conventional wisdom, were dependent on welfare, had numerous social problems, lacked a mainstream work ethic and were a bad influence on one another. The prevailing idea was that, with vouchers, tenants could separate off from one another and meet new, employed, law-abiding neighbors.
As the comparison and the figures in Table 3 indicated that the positive and negative outcomes from the HOPE VI program; positive result was that the program successfully relocated many public housing residents to the better neighborhood conditions that meant lower-poverty and safer communities; and negative aspect was that the program had residents with relatively worse conditions move to shrunk and aggravated circumstances.
The supposed barriers were twofold. One, public housing tenants were deleteriously affected by living in areas of concentrated poverty, where schools were in poor shape, the local economy was sputtering and crime and gang activity were entrenched. With public housing labeled a failure, it seemed reasonable to send families to the private market with a rent subsidy – the Housing Choice Voucher.

참고문헌 (14)

Buron, L., Gallagher, M., Levy, D. K., Popkin, S. J., & Price, D. J. (2010). After Wells: Where Are the Residents Now?: CHA Families and the Plan for Transformation Series.
Cravatts, Richard L. (2007) Gentrification is Good for the Poor and Everyone Else, Article of American Thinker retrieved from http://www.americanthinker.com/2007/08/gentrification_is_ good_for_the.html
Cook, Philip J., and Kristin A. Goss. 1996. A Selective Review of the Social-Contagion Literature. Durham: Sanford Institute for Public Policy Studies, Duke University.
Hawkins, K. (2010) Chicago shuts in famous public housing project, News article of NBC NEWS retrieved from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/40450463/
Jackson, K. (1987) Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Popkin, S. J., Woodley, W., Urban Institute, Metropolitan Housing and Communities Center (Urban Institute), Associates, A., Annie E. Casey Foundation, et al. (2002). HOPE VI Panel Study.
Popkin, Susan J. (2007) Has HOPE VI Transformed Residents Lives? New Findings from the HOPE VI Panel Study, The Urban Institute.
Public Housing, Wikipedia, retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_housing.
Pulmuter, David (2007) Seattle HOPE VI Housing Developments and the Economic Effects of the Spatial De-concentration of Poverty, University of Washington
Reiss, Albert J. 1988. "Co-Offending and Criminal Careers." In Crime and Justice: Annual Review of Research, edited by Michael Tonry and Norval Morris. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Sampson, Ralph, S. W. Raudenbush, and F. Earls. 1997. "Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy." Science, 277: 918-24.

상세보기
Shumaker, D. (2011) Field Guide to Effects Of Low-Income Housing On Property Values, Article of National Association of Realtors, retrieved from http://www.realtor.org/field-guides/field-guide-to-effects-of-low-income-housing-on-property-values
Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the Study of American Architecture (2009) Public Housing: A New Conversation, Columbia University Press. retrieved from http://www.gsapp.org/buell/publichousing/_pdf/BUELL-PubHous.pdf.
Venkatesh, S. & Celimli, I. (2004) Tearing Down the Community, National Housing Institute, retrieved from www.nhi.org/online/issues/138/chicago.html

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Study on Devaluation of Public Housing in United States: Public Housing in the Past, Present and Future 원문보기

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Study on Devaluation of Public Housing in United States: Public Housing in the Past, Present and Future 원문보기

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