[논문]이성분계 가연성 혼합물의 인화점 측정

하동명; 이성진

doi:10.7842/kigas.2014.18.5.60

초록
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가연성 액체 혼합물의 화재 위험성을 특징짓는 주된 물리적 성질은 인화점이다. 본 연구는 이성분계 가연성 혼합물의 인화점을 측정하고 예측하고자 한다. Seta flash 밀폐식 장치를 이용하여 n-propanol+propionic acid 계의 인화점을 측정하였다. van Laar 식과 NRTL 식을 이용한 최적화 기법을 통해 인화점을 예측하였다. 이 계산치와 라울의 법칙에 의한 계산치를 비교하였다. 그 결과, 최적화 기법에 의한 계산치가 라울의 법칙에 의한 계산치 보다 측정값에 보다 근사하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The flash point is the major physical property used to characterize the fire hazard of flammable liquid solutions. In the present study, the main focus is on measuring and estimating the flash points for binary flammable mixture. The flash points for n-propanol+propionic acid were measured by Seta f...

The flash point is the major physical property used to characterize the fire hazard of flammable liquid solutions. In the present study, the main focus is on measuring and estimating the flash points for binary flammable mixture. The flash points for n-propanol+propionic acid were measured by Seta flash closed cup apparatus. The experimental data were correlated with the van Laar and NRTL equations through the optimization method. The results estimated by these correlations were compared with the values calculated by the method based on Raoult's law. The optimization method were found to be better than the method based on the Raoult's law.

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문제 정의

As can be seen from the A.A.E., it is clear that there is a good agreement between the measured flash points and those calculated by the optimization method proposed in this study.
Therefore, the main focus of this work was to measure and calculate the flash points for binary flammable mixture to aid in the safety analysis of flammable mixtures.

제안 방법

Because the flash points of all the liquid solutions are not available, the development of its estimation method is desirable for the analysis of the fire and explosion hazard. Several researchers have tried to develop the reliable predictive method.
In case of being unable to adopt the binary parameter from the literature, the optimization method proposed in this paper has the advantage of being able to predict effectively the flash point for the binary flammable mixture.
The above explained method based on Raoult's law is adequate only for almost ideal solution. In this paper, the wilson and NRTL equations is used to calculate the liquid phase activity coefficient of the binary flammable mixture. Because these equations are effective methods for evaluating the liquid phase activity coefficients.
The optimization method proposed in this study can thus be useful to predict the flash point for the binary flammable mixture and to help ana- lyse the fire and explosion hazard.

대상 데이터

The open and closed cup testers are two major flash point analyzers for the determination of the experimental flash point[3]. In this study, Seta flash closed cup tester is selected.

이론/모형

The apparatus consist of a sample cup, time controller, test flame device, flame controller, thermometer, temperature controller, etc. The Seta flash closed cup apparatus was operated according to the standard test method, ASTM D 3278[10].
The experimental flash points were compared with the calculated flash points based on the Raoult's law, and the optimization method using the van Laar and NRTL equations.
The flash points were calculated by the method based on the Raoult’s law.
The flash points were calculated by the method based on the Raoult’s law. The measured experimental data were correlated with the van Laar and NRTL equations[8] through the optimization method. The results estimated by these correlations were compared with the values calculated by the method based on Raoult’s law.
The predictive values by the optimization method described the experimentally-derived data more effectively than those by the method based on the Raoult’s law.
The results estimated by these correlations were compared with the values calculated by the method based on Raoult’s law.
The values of the binary interaction parameters that minimized this objective function(F) were sought, using both the van Laar and the NRTL equations.

참고문헌 (16)

Catoire, L., Paulmier, S., and Naudet, V., "Experimental determination and estimation of closed cup flash points of mixtures of flammable solvents", Process Safety Progress, 25, 1, 33-39, (2006)

상세보기
H.J. Liaw, W.H. Lu, V. Gerbaud and C.C. Cheng, "Flash-point prediction for binary partially miscible mixtures of flammable solvents", J. of Hazardous Materials, 153, 1165-1175, (2008)

상세보기
Khalili, T. and Moghadam, A.Z., "Measurement and calculation of flash point of binary aqueous-organic and organic-organic solutions", Fluid Phase Equilibria, 312, 101-105, (2011)

상세보기
Affens, W.A. and Mclaren, G.W., "Flammability Properties of Hydrocarbon Solutions in Air", J. of Chem. & Eng. Data, 17(4), 482-488, (1972)

상세보기
White, D., Beyler, C.L., Fulper, C., and Leonard, J., "Flame spread on aviation fuels", Fire Safety Journal, 28, 1-31, (1997)

상세보기
Gmehling, J. and Rasmussen, P., "Flash points of flammable liquid mixtures using UNIFAC", Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 2, 186.-188, (1982)
Liaw, H.J., Chen, C.T., Cheng, C.C., and Yang, Y.T., "A mathematical model for predicting the flash point of binary solution", J. of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 15, 429-438, (2002)

상세보기
Poling, B.E., Prausnitz, J.M., and O'connell, J.P., The Properties of Gases and Liquids, 5th Edition., McGraw-Hill, New York, (2001)
D.M. Ha and S.J. Lee, "Prediction and measurement of the lower flash points for flammable binary solutions by using a setaflash closed cup tester", Korean J. Chem. Eng., 28, 5, 1161-1165, (2011)

상세보기
American Society for Testing Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 06.01, (1999)
Le Chatelier, "Esimation of Firedamp by Flammability limits", Ann. Minmes, 19, 388-392, (1891)
Gmehing, J., Onken, U., and Arlt, W., Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection, 1, Part1-Part7, DECHEMA, (1980)
Liaw, H.J., Tang, C.L., and Lai, J.S., "A Model for Predicting the Flash Point of Ternary Flammable Solutions of Liquid", Combust Flame, 138, 308-319, (2004)

상세보기
Kuester J.L. and J.H. Mize, Optimization Techniques with Fortran, McGraw-Hill, New York, (1973)
S.J. Lee and D.M. Ha, "The Lower Flash Points of Binary Systems Containing Non-Flammable Component", Korean J. Chem. Eng., 20(5), 799-802, (2003)

상세보기
J. Lim, S. Jang, H. Kim, H.K. Cho and M.S. Shin, "Solubility of triclocarban in pure alkanols at different temperatures", Korean J. Chem. Eng., 30, 1, 181-186, (2013)

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이성분계 가연성 혼합물의 인화점 측정
The Flash Point Measurement for Binary Flammable Mixture 원문보기

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이성분계 가연성 혼합물의 인화점 측정 The Flash Point Measurement for Binary Flammable Mixture 원문보기

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이성분계 가연성 혼합물의 인화점 측정
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