[논문]Integrated Environment Impact Assessment of Brick Kiln using Environmental Performance Scores

Pokhrel, Rajib; Lee, Heekwan

doi:10.5572/ajae.2014.8.1.015

[국내논문] Integrated Environment Impact Assessment of Brick Kiln using Environmental Performance Scores 원문보기

Asian journal of atmospheric environment, v.8 no.1, 2014년, pp.15 - 24

Pokhrel, Rajib (School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University) , Lee, Heekwan (School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University)

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The capital city of Himalayan Country Nepal, Kathmandu Valley is surrounded by consecutive high mountains, which limits the air distribution and mixing effects significantly. It in turn generates steady air flow pattern over a year except in monsoon season. The air shed in the Valley is easily trapped by the surrounded mountains and the inversion layer formulated as the cap. The $PM_{10}$ concentration was noticeably higher than the standard level (120 ${\mu}g/m^3$) in urban and suburban area of Kathmandu valley for all seasons except monsoon period. The Valley area experiences similar wind patterns (W, WWS, and S) for a year but the Easterly wind prevails only during the monsoon period. There was low and calm wind blows during the winter season. Because of this air flow structure, the air emission from various sources is accumulated within the valley air, high level of air pollution is frequently recorded with other air polluted cities over the world. In this Valley area, brick kilns are recognized as the major air pollution source followed by vehicles. Mostly Bull Trench Kiln (BKT), Hoffman Kiln and Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln (VSBK) are in operation for brick firing in Kathmandu valley where the fuels such as crushed coal, saw dust, and natural gas are used for processing bricks in this study. Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) was used for screening and quantifying the potential impacts of air emission from firing fuels. The total Environmental Performance Score (EPS) was estimated and the EPS of coal was approximately 2.5 times higher than those of natural gas and saw dust. It is concluded that the crushed coal has more negative impact to the environment and human health than other fuel sources. Concerning the human health and environment point of view, alternative environment friendly firing fuel need to be used for brick industry in the kiln and the air pollution control devices also need to be applied for minimizing the air emissions from the kilns.

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2. Schematic view of different types of Brick Kilns covering from traditional Clamp Kiln to improved VSBK used for firing bricks.
Currently crushed coal, saw dust, and natural gas are accessible and used for brick burning in the kilns. The brick kiln originated air emission was evaluated based on previously produced emission inventory data and analyzed using TRACI for scoring total environmental performance as a penalty mark. The EPS of coal was approximately 2.
are the major fuels for firing the bricks in the different types of brick kilns. This study mostly focuses on the air emission and the environmental impact during brick firing using different fuels such as saw dust, coal, natural gas, etc.

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It is equipped with multiple vertical shafts with cross section (1 m×1 m) and height 6 m.
Ministry of Population and Environment of Nepal has established air pollution monitoring stations at six different locations. The six sampling sites include two heavy traffic urban area (traffic hotspot), one residential area (urban background), two semi-urban areas, and one rural area. The meteorological observation station has been set up at Tribhuvan International Airport (TIA).

참고문헌 (25)

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[국내논문] Integrated Environment Impact Assessment of Brick Kiln using Environmental Performance Scores 원문보기

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[국내논문] Integrated Environment Impact Assessment of Brick Kiln using Environmental Performance Scores 원문보기

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