Purpose: This study was to determine the immediate effects of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) in subjects with upper trapezius (UT) trigger point (TrP). Methods: Fifteen subjects with UT TrP were recruited for the study's PMF group (pain threshold=$2.29kg/cm^2$), and 15 age-, weight-, and gen...
Purpose: This study was to determine the immediate effects of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) in subjects with upper trapezius (UT) trigger point (TrP). Methods: Fifteen subjects with UT TrP were recruited for the study's PMF group (pain threshold=$2.29kg/cm^2$), and 15 age-, weight-, and gender-matched subjects with UT TrP were recruited for control group (pain threshold=$2.25kg/cm^2$). Pressure algometer was used to measure pressure pain threshold on UT TrP and, cervical range of motion (ROM) inclinometer was used to measure cervical ROM. Surface electromyography was used to record UT, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior muscle activity and relative ratio during scapular plane abduction between pre- and post-treatment. Results: The PMF effectively improved pain threshold and concurrently increased ROM (rotation to the painful side, lateral flexion to the nonpainful side). In addition, the PMF may effectively deactivate UT activity during abduction and the muscle activity ratio between UT and serratus anterior. Conclusion: These findings provided empirical evidence that PMF can be an effective treatment method to reduce pain threshold, to increase cervical ROM, and deactivate UT activity in individuals with TrP.
Purpose: This study was to determine the immediate effects of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) in subjects with upper trapezius (UT) trigger point (TrP). Methods: Fifteen subjects with UT TrP were recruited for the study's PMF group (pain threshold=$2.29kg/cm^2$), and 15 age-, weight-, and gender-matched subjects with UT TrP were recruited for control group (pain threshold=$2.25kg/cm^2$). Pressure algometer was used to measure pressure pain threshold on UT TrP and, cervical range of motion (ROM) inclinometer was used to measure cervical ROM. Surface electromyography was used to record UT, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior muscle activity and relative ratio during scapular plane abduction between pre- and post-treatment. Results: The PMF effectively improved pain threshold and concurrently increased ROM (rotation to the painful side, lateral flexion to the nonpainful side). In addition, the PMF may effectively deactivate UT activity during abduction and the muscle activity ratio between UT and serratus anterior. Conclusion: These findings provided empirical evidence that PMF can be an effective treatment method to reduce pain threshold, to increase cervical ROM, and deactivate UT activity in individuals with TrP.
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문제 정의
Therefore, this study aims to determine if the application of PMF on subjects with UT TrP would have a significant immediate effect on pain threshold, range of motion (ROM), and EMG variables. In addition, another purpose is to compare the changed pain threshold, ROM, and EMG after real and sham PMF treatment.
24 In this vicious circle, pain could sustain tissue anomalies typical of MPS and tissue anomalies themselves lead to a reinforcement of pain.1These results should encourage further research aimed at establishing the long-term clinical usefulness of this new procedure in the treatment of MPS. In particular, it would be interesting in the future to compare the effect of PMF with that of other conventional physical therapies in this pathology.
제안 방법
The subjects were asked to raise the shoulder with comfortable speed, and hold 5-second for maintaining abduction posture. Before the test, the subjects were given 5 times to familiarize the test, and three trials were performed to collect the data. 30 seconds of resting interval was provided between the test trials.
’s study only the numerical rating scale was used to provide a subjective clinical evaluation of pain. In our study, we used multiple parameters of evaluation, including pain threshold, cervical ROM, and muscle activity of UT. All these parameters showed a significant improvement after treatment, suggesting that many aspects of myofascial pain may be modified by PMF therapy.
7 years) were recruited from Yonsei University. Inclusion requirement for participation in this study was presenting a TrP in the UT muscle. The TrP was defined as tender point within a palpable taut band and less than 2.
15 Measurement was repeated three times before and after treatment. Mean recorded pressure threshold values were computed and used for further analysis. The validity and reproducibility of pressure algometry to measure pressure sensitivity and pain thresholds in the evaluation of MPS has been well established by many researchers.
Therefore, our PMF stimulator would deliver approximately 44 mW/cm2 at the skin surface.23Since this study was designed to compare the results from the experimental group and placebo group, subjects in the experiment group received the treatment with real PMF device, and subjects in the placebo group received the treatment with sham PMF device that is exact same shape and size with real PMF stimulator, but do not generate any magnetic pulses. Real or sham PMF treatments were applied to the TrP area on the UT with duration of 15min.
(1998)25 proposed the use of peripheral PMF to reduce musculoskeletal pain. The authors evaluated patients suffering from pain with different etiologies located at different sites (e.g. epicondylitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar nerve compression syndrome, and posterior tibial tendinitis). The patients underwent one session of PMF applied to the painful site for 20 min.
20 The target abduction was set 160°, and abduction movement was guided at 30° scapular plane using a vertical pole, which was fixed from the ground to the ceiling. The subjects were asked to raise the shoulder with comfortable speed, and hold 5-second for maintaining abduction posture. Before the test, the subjects were given 5 times to familiarize the test, and three trials were performed to collect the data.
To measure active cervical ROM, all patients were asked to sit upright on a chair and look straight ahead. The tester explained and demonstrated neck motions to the patients. All patients performed a warm-up exercise, which involved repeating the six neck motions three times.
대상 데이터
The PMF device consisted of a magnetic field generator and a flat multiple layer disk coil. Our PMF stimulator was a prototype manufactured by Nuga Medical Co.
Thirty healthy, young male subjects (22.1±1.7 years) were recruited from Yonsei University.
데이터처리
Descriptive statistics were obtained for all variables. A Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to assess whether continuous data approximated a normal distribution. The descriptive data were expressed as mean and standard deviation.
The descriptive data were expressed as mean and standard deviation. A paired t-test was used to compare the pre and post values of pain threshold, ROM, EMG activity, and EMG ratio within the PMF and placebo groups. An independent t-test was used to compare on amount of changed pain threshold, ROM, EMG activity, and EMG ratio between the PMF and placebo group.
A paired t-test was used to compare the pre and post values of pain threshold, ROM, EMG activity, and EMG ratio within the PMF and placebo groups. An independent t-test was used to compare on amount of changed pain threshold, ROM, EMG activity, and EMG ratio between the PMF and placebo group. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.
성능/효과
5kg/cm2, respectively). All variables of general characteristics were shown no significant difference between PMF and placebo groups (p=0.12, 0.35, 0.61, 0.98, and 0.82, respectively). This study was approved by the Younsei University Wonju Institutional Review Board.
General characteristics including age, height, weight, body mass index, and pain threshold on UT TrP were collected (PFM group: 21.6±1.6yrs, 168.3±6.7 cm, 64.0±10.6 kg, 22.5±3.2 kg/m2, and 2.2±0.3 kg/cm2, respectively), (placebo group: 22.6±1.9 yrs, 170.8±7.2 cm, 65.9±9.8 kg, 22.5±2.8 kg/m2, and 2.3±0.5kg/cm2, respectively).
In addition, another purpose is to compare the changed pain threshold, ROM, and EMG after real and sham PMF treatment. Our hypotheses were that (1) the pain threshold, ROM, and EMG would be improved after PMF treatment and (2) the changed pain threshold, ROM, and EMG in PMF group would greater than in placebo group.
The results of this study show the possible immediate effects of PMF in the treatment of myofascial pain. The patients who underwent treatment with PMF showed significant benefits as measured through subjective and objective indices and through myofascial TrP characteristics.
후속연구
Third, this study immediately confirmed the effects of PMF. Therefore further studies would be needed to demonstrate the long-term effects of PMF in subjects with UT TrP.
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