Objective : In this study, the addition of dried pomegranate concentrate powder (PCP) was affected the anti-climacterium activity of red clover dry extracts (RC) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Materials and methods : After bilateral OVX surgery, RC 40 mg/kg, PCP 20 mg/kg and RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) ...
Objective : In this study, the addition of dried pomegranate concentrate powder (PCP) was affected the anti-climacterium activity of red clover dry extracts (RC) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Materials and methods : After bilateral OVX surgery, RC 40 mg/kg, PCP 20 mg/kg and RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120, 60 and 30 mg/kg (of body weight) were orally administered, once a day for 84 days, and then the changes on the serum estradiol levels, abdominal fat pad and uterus weights were observed for estrogenic effects. In addition, liver weights, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were also evaluated for hepatoprotective effects, and serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels were monitored for hypolipidemic effects. Results : As a result of OVX, the estrogen-deficient climacterium symptoms, increments of abdominal fat pad weights, serum AST, ALT, TC, LDL and TG levels with decrease of uterus and liver weights, serum estradiol levels, were demonstrated. However, these estrogen-deficient climacterium symptoms induced by bilateral OVX in rats were significantly inhibited by continuous oral treatment of RC 40 mg/kg, PCP 20 mg/kg and RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120, 60 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion : The results suggested that RC:PCP 2:1 mixtures synergistically increased the anti-climacterium effects of RC in OVX rats. It, therefore, is expected that RC:PCP 2:1 mixture will be promising as a new potent protective agents for relieving the climacterium symptoms.
Objective : In this study, the addition of dried pomegranate concentrate powder (PCP) was affected the anti-climacterium activity of red clover dry extracts (RC) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Materials and methods : After bilateral OVX surgery, RC 40 mg/kg, PCP 20 mg/kg and RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120, 60 and 30 mg/kg (of body weight) were orally administered, once a day for 84 days, and then the changes on the serum estradiol levels, abdominal fat pad and uterus weights were observed for estrogenic effects. In addition, liver weights, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were also evaluated for hepatoprotective effects, and serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels were monitored for hypolipidemic effects. Results : As a result of OVX, the estrogen-deficient climacterium symptoms, increments of abdominal fat pad weights, serum AST, ALT, TC, LDL and TG levels with decrease of uterus and liver weights, serum estradiol levels, were demonstrated. However, these estrogen-deficient climacterium symptoms induced by bilateral OVX in rats were significantly inhibited by continuous oral treatment of RC 40 mg/kg, PCP 20 mg/kg and RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120, 60 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion : The results suggested that RC:PCP 2:1 mixtures synergistically increased the anti-climacterium effects of RC in OVX rats. It, therefore, is expected that RC:PCP 2:1 mixture will be promising as a new potent protective agents for relieving the climacterium symptoms.
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제안 방법
RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) prepared by sponsor were also well suspended in distilled water. From 28 days after OVX, RC 40 mg/kg, PCP 20 mg/kg and RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120, 60 and 30 mg/kg (of body weight) were orally administered, once a day for 84 days. In OVX and sham control rats, only distilled water as vehicle, were orally administered as equal volumes and periods, instead of herbal formulas in this experiment.
In the present study, addition of PCP whether increases the anti-climacterium activity of RC were observed on ovariectomized (OVX) rats, a well-documented rodent models resembles with women postmenopausal climacterium symptoms18). In this study, anti-climacteric effects of RC comned with PCP were evaluated on ovariectomized (OVX) rats separated into estrogenic effects, antibese, hypolipidemic effects and hepatoprotective effects.
Especially, RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120 and 60 mg/kg treated rats also showed obvious increases of the uterus volumes as compared with those of single formula of RC 40 mg/kg and PCP 20 mg/kg treated rats, respectively. RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 30 mg/kg treated rats did not showed any significant changes on the uterus as compared with those of single formula of RC 40 mg/kg and PCP 20 mg/kg treated rats at gross inspections, in this experiment. A = Intact control rat B = OVX control rat C = RC 40mg/kg treated rat D = PCP 20mg/kg treated rat E = RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120mg/kg treated rat F = RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 60mg/kg treated rat G = RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 30mg/kg treated rat.
데이터처리
Variance homogeneity was examined using the Levene test. If the Levene test indicated no significant deviations from variance homogeneity, the obtain data were analyzed by one way ANOVA test followed by least-significant differences (LSD) multicomparison test to determine which pairs of group comparison were significantly different. In case of significant deviations from variance homogeneity were observed at Levene test, a non-parametric comparison test, Kruskal-Wallis H test was conducted.
이론/모형
Multiple comparison tests for different dose groups were conducted. Variance homogeneity was examined using the Levene test. If the Levene test indicated no significant deviations from variance homogeneity, the obtain data were analyzed by one way ANOVA test followed by least-significant differences (LSD) multicomparison test to determine which pairs of group comparison were significantly different.
성능/효과
1. The addition of appropriated amounts of PCP (RC:PCP 2:1 mixtures, g/g) synergistically increased the anti-climacterium effects of RC - estrogenic, anti-obese, hypolipidemic and hepato protective effects in OVX rats, through synergic anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities.
2. RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120 and 60 mg/kg treated OVX rats showed significant more favorable inhibitory activities against estrogen-deficient climacterium symptoms induced by OVX as compared with those of single formula of RC 40 mg/kg and PCP 20 mg/kg treated rats, respectively.
3. Therefore, it is expected that RC:PCP 2:1 mixture will be promising as a new potent protective agents for relieving the climacterium symptoms, especially on estrogen depletion, obese, hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in menopausal women.
As a result of OVX, noticeable increases of weights of abdominal fat pad deposited in dorsal abdominal cavity, serum AST, ALT, TC, LDL and TG levels were demonstrated in this experiment with decrease of uterus and liver weights, serum estradiol levels. It suggested that the estrogen-deficient climacterium symptoms were induced by OVX.
05) decreases of serum HDL levels were noticed in OVX control rats as compared with sham control rats, respectively. However, significant (p＜0.01 or p＜0.05) decreases of the serum AST, ALT, TC, LDL and TG levels and nonsignificant increased trends in the serum HDL levels were demonstrated in all test material treated rats as compared with OVX control rats, respectively. Especially, RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120 and 60 mg/kg treated rats also showed noticeable significant (p＜0.
Representative Gross Images of Abdominal Fat Pads, Taken from Intact or OVX Rats Deposited into Left Abdominal Muscles. Note that noticeable increases of abdominal fat pad deposited into left dorsal abdominal muscles were demonstrated in OVX control rats as compared with sham control rats, but they were dramatically normalized by treatment of RC 40 mg/kg, PCP 20 mg/kg, RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120, 60 and 30 mg/kg treated rats as compared with OVX control rats, respectively. Especially, RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120 and 60 mg/kg treated rats also showed more decreases of abdominal fat pad depositions as compared with those of single formula of RC 40 mg/kg and PCP 20 mg/kg treated rats, respectively.
Especially, RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120 and 60 mg/kg treated rats also showed more decreases of abdominal fat pad depositions as compared with those of single formula of RC 40 mg/kg and PCP 20 mg/kg treated rats, respectively. RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 30 mg/kg treated rats did not showed any significant changes on the abdominal fat pad depositions as compared with those of single formula of RC 40 mg/kg and PCP 20 mg/kg treated rats, in this experiment. A = Intact control rat B = OVX control rat C = RC 40 mg/kg treated rat D = PCP 20 mg/kg treated rat E = RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120 mg/kg treated rat F = RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 60 mg/kg treated rat G = RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 30 mg/kg treated rat.
Significant (p＜0.01) decreases of the liver relative wet-weights were detected in OVX control rats as compared with sham control rats, but significant (p＜0.01 or p＜0.05) increases of the liver relative weights were demonstrated in all test substance treated rats including single formula of RC 40 mg/kg as compared with OVX control rats, respectively. Especially, RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120 and 60 mg/kg treated rats also showed significant (p＜0.
Significant (p＜0.01) increases of the serum AST, ALT, TC, LDL and TG levels, and significant (p＜0.05) decreases of serum HDL levels were noticed in OVX control rats as compared with sham control rats, respectively. However, significant (p＜0.
Although RC:PCP 2:1 mixture(g/g) 30 mg/kg treated rats also showed more inhibitory effects against estrogen-deficient climacterium symptoms as compared to those of RC 40 mg/kg and PCP 20 mg/kg single formula treated rats in some indices, but it did not showed any statistical significant changes. These results are considered as direct evidences that addition of appropriated amounts of PCP, RC:PCP 2:1 mixtures (g/g) synergistically increased the anticlimacterium effects of RC in OVX rats, may be increased the diversity of isoflavonoids in mixtures.
In this study, anti-climacteric effects were evaluated separated into several categories; 1) estrogenic effects, 2) anti-obese, 3) hypolipidemic effects and 4) hepatoprotective effects. Twentyeight days after bilateral OVX surgery, RC 40 mg/kg, PCP 20 mg/kg and RC:PCP 2:1 mixture(g/g) 120, 60 and 30 mg/kg (of body weight) were orally administered, once a day for 84 days, and then the changes on the serum estradiol levels, abdominal fat pad and uterus weights were evaluated for estrogenic effects. In addition, liver weights, serum AST and ALT levels were also evaluated for hepatoprotective effects, and serum TC, LDL, HDL and TG levels were monitored for hypolipidemic effects.
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