한강납줄개 Rhodeus pseudosericeus와 묵납자루 Acheilognathus signifer (Pisces: Cyprinidae)의 속간 자연 잡종 출현 Occurrence of a Natural Intergeneric Hybrid between Rhodeus pseudosericeus and Acheilognathus signifer (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from the Namhangang (river), Korea원문보기
한강납줄개 Rhodeus pseudosericeus와 묵납자루 Acheilognathus signifer의 속간 잡종으로 추정되는 개체를 한강 수계의 주천강에서 채집하였다. 잡종의 기원을 확인하기 위하여 형태적 특징과 mitochondrial cytochrome b (mt-cyb) gene을 조사하였다. 형태 형질 분석에서, 조사된 표본의 등지느러미의 반문, 체색, 체측 반점과 종대 무늬 등은 두 부모종의 중간적 형질을 보였다. 또한, 잡종 개체의 측선은 불완전하였고 측선유공린수는 부모종의 중간값을 보였다. mt-cyb gene 분석 결과 잡종 개체는 한강납줄개와 염기서열이 100% 일치하여 한강납줄개가 모계임이 밝혀졌다. 따라서 두 자료의 분석 결과 본 연구에서 조사한 개체는 한강납줄개와 묵납자루의 속간 자연 잡종 개체임을 확인하였다.
한강납줄개 Rhodeus pseudosericeus와 묵납자루 Acheilognathus signifer의 속간 잡종으로 추정되는 개체를 한강 수계의 주천강에서 채집하였다. 잡종의 기원을 확인하기 위하여 형태적 특징과 mitochondrial cytochrome b (mt-cyb) gene을 조사하였다. 형태 형질 분석에서, 조사된 표본의 등지느러미의 반문, 체색, 체측 반점과 종대 무늬 등은 두 부모종의 중간적 형질을 보였다. 또한, 잡종 개체의 측선은 불완전하였고 측선유공린수는 부모종의 중간값을 보였다. mt-cyb gene 분석 결과 잡종 개체는 한강납줄개와 염기서열이 100% 일치하여 한강납줄개가 모계임이 밝혀졌다. 따라서 두 자료의 분석 결과 본 연구에서 조사한 개체는 한강납줄개와 묵납자루의 속간 자연 잡종 개체임을 확인하였다.
A natural intergeneric hybrid between Rhodeus pseudosericeus and Acheilognathus signifer was collected in their sympatric area, the Jucheongang (stream), the Namhangang (river), Korea. Morphological characters as well as mitochondrial cytochrome b (mt-cyb) gene were investigated to confirm the natur...
A natural intergeneric hybrid between Rhodeus pseudosericeus and Acheilognathus signifer was collected in their sympatric area, the Jucheongang (stream), the Namhangang (river), Korea. Morphological characters as well as mitochondrial cytochrome b (mt-cyb) gene were investigated to confirm the natural hybrid origin. In the comparison of morphological characters, the natural hybrid appeared to have intermediate characters between two parental species in several key characters such as the band of dorsal fins, the color pattern of body, and the body spot and stripe. Also, the collected specimen had an incomplete lateral line with a large number of pored scales. In analysis of mt-cyb gene, it revealed that the maternal species of the natural hybrid appeared to be R. pseudosericeus due to their 100% sequence identity. Thus, such results gave convincing evidence for the occurrence of a natural intergeneric hybrid between Rhodeus pseudosericeus and Acheilognathus signifer.
A natural intergeneric hybrid between Rhodeus pseudosericeus and Acheilognathus signifer was collected in their sympatric area, the Jucheongang (stream), the Namhangang (river), Korea. Morphological characters as well as mitochondrial cytochrome b (mt-cyb) gene were investigated to confirm the natural hybrid origin. In the comparison of morphological characters, the natural hybrid appeared to have intermediate characters between two parental species in several key characters such as the band of dorsal fins, the color pattern of body, and the body spot and stripe. Also, the collected specimen had an incomplete lateral line with a large number of pored scales. In analysis of mt-cyb gene, it revealed that the maternal species of the natural hybrid appeared to be R. pseudosericeus due to their 100% sequence identity. Thus, such results gave convincing evidence for the occurrence of a natural intergeneric hybrid between Rhodeus pseudosericeus and Acheilognathus signifer.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
문제 정의
signifer in their sympatric area. So the aim of the present study is to report the morphological characters and analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b (mt-cyb) genes of the natural hybrid for verifying the natural hybrid origin.
대상 데이터
A segment of 1,141 bp containing a complete mt-cyb gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. A pair of primers (forward primer: TGA CTT GAA GAA CCA CCG TTG, reverse primer: GGA TTA CAA GAC CGA TGC TTT) was used.
1. Photographs of Rhodeus pseudosericeus (A: 73.0 mm SL), a natural hybrid (B: 81.2 mm SL) and Acheilognathus signifer (C: 79.3 mm SL) at the Jucheongang (stream) of the Namhangang (river), Anheung-myeon, Hoengseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea on April, 25, 2014.
signifer, and the natural hybrid, we took pictures in the field shortly after capturing them. The collected specimen was fixed in 10% formalin solution and deposited at the Department of Biological Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju (CNUC).
이론/모형
(2004), and fin rays and vertebral counts were observed by a soft-X ray photograph (Nikon SMZ-10, Japan). A total of 18 morphological characters were chosen to calculate hybrid index (Hindex) using the following formula (Nikoljukin, 1972).
Sequences were aligned using Clustal Omega. Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses were performed using MEGA version 6. Phylogenetic tree was established by Maximum Likelihood method and bootstrap phylogeny test with 1,000 replications (Tamura and Nei, 1993).
Molecular phylogenetic analysis by Maximum Likelihood method. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model (Tamura and Nei, 1993).
성능/효과
Approach 50 of Hindex indicates intermediate characters between two parental species. If Hindex was lower than 30, the natural hybrid was considered to resemble R. pseudosericeus while Hindex was higher than 70, the natural hybrid was considered to resemble A. signifer. In addition if Hindex was between 30 and 70, the natural hybrid was considered to be intermediate (Šorić, 2004).
The natural hybrid was intermediated for only 1 character (Hindex=44), the number of lateral line scales (pored scales). Of the morphometric and meristic characters, the hybrid was closer to R. pseudosericeus in 3 the characters: the preventral length, the inter-orbital width, and the number of the dorsal fin ray (Hindex=83~100), but to A. signifer in 2 characters including preanal length and the number of anal fin rays (Hindex=0~26). However, some hybrid characters were outside of range.
2 mm SL) was collected at the Jucheongang (stream) of the Namhangang (river), Anheung-myeon, Hoengseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea on April, 25, 2014. Specimens of its supposed parental species, R. pseudosericeus (n=5), and A. signifer (n=5) were captured at the same area where the natural hybrid was found. For the comparison of body coloration of R.
The existence of a complete lateral line and barbels in the bitterlings, known as key intergeneric characters for Acheilognathinae fish (Kim, 1997), plays an important role in identifying them in nature. The intermediate traits of the body color patterns and two morphological characters such as an incomplete lateral line scales and lacking barbels strongly supported that the collected specimen was a natural intergeneric hybrid. The results of the present study were quite similar to those found in the earlier studies in R.
The total length of Acheilognathinae fish including the natural hybrid between R. pseudosericeus and A. signifer mt-cyb gene was 1,141 bp positions. Phylogenetic analysis using ML tree showed that R.
후속연구
Our present study, however, still remains limited to make the hybrid origin clear from just only one hybrid specimen collected. Thus, it will need further studies through breeding experiments in the aquarium and seeking of various forms in nature.
참고문헌 (26)
Back, H.M., H.B. Song and O.K. Kwon. 2004. Reproductive behavior of the Korean bitterling, Acheilognathus signifer (Cyprinidae; Acheilognathinae). Korean J. Ichthyol., 16: 201-209.
Chae, B.S. and H.J. Yang. 1990. Natural hybrids between Pungitius sinensis sinensis and P. sinensis kaibarae. Korean J. Ichthyol., 2: 88-94. (in Korean)
Damme, V.D., N. Bogutskaya, R.C. Hoffimann and C. Smith. 2007. The introduction of the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) to west and central Europe. Fish and Fisheries, 8: 79-106.
Hubbs, C.L., K.F. Lagler and G.R. Smith. 2004. Fishes of the great lakes region. The Univ. Michigan Press, 250 pp.
Hwang, Y.J., M.S. Ra and C.G. Choi. 1995. A natural hybrid between spinous loach, Cobitis longicorpus and cyprinid loach Misgurunus anguilicaudatus (Pisces, Cobitidae). Korean J. Ichthyol., 7: 203-207. (in Korean)
Jansson, H., I. Holmgren, K. Wedin and T. Andersson. 1991. High frequency of natural hybrids between Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, S. trutta L., in a Swedish river. J. Fish Biol., 39: 343-348.
Kim, C.H., W.O. Lee, Y.J. Kang and J.M. Baek. 2010. Occurrence of a natural intergeneric hybrid, Rhodeus uyekii x Acheilognathus signifer (Pisces; Cyprinidae) from Jojongcheon Bukhan River, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 22: 225-229. (in Korean)
Kim, I.S. 1997. Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna and flora of Korea. VoL. 37. Freshwater fishes. Ministry of Education, 629pp. (in Korean)
Kim, I.S. and J.H. Lee. 1990. Diploid-triploid hybrid complex of the spined loach Cobitis sinensis and C. longicorpus (Pisces, Cobitidae). Korean J. Ichthyol., 2: 203-210.
Kim, I.S. and J.Y. Park. 2002. Freshwater fishes of Korea. Kyohak publishing, 466pp. (in Korean)
Kim, I.S., Y. Choi and J.H. Shim. 1991. An occurrence of intergeneric hybrid cross, Pungtungia herzi x Pseudopungtungia nigra from the Ungcheon River, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 3: 42-47.
Lee, I.R., H. Yang, J.H. Kim, K.Y. Kim and I.C. Bang. 2009. Identification of a natural hybrid between the striped spine loach Cobitis tetralineata and the king spine loach Iksookimia longicorpa by analyzing mitochondrial COI and nuclear RAG1 sequences. Korean J. Ichthyol., 21: 287-290. (in Korean)
Min, M.S. and S.Y. Yang. 1992. A study on the natural hybridization between Moroco lagowskii and M. oxycephalus. Korean J. Zool., 35: 339-343. (in Korean)
National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine (April, 1, 2013). Retrieved on July, 10, 2014 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank.
National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR). 2011. Red data book of endangered fishes in Korea. NIBR, 202 pp. (in Korean)
Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the world (4th ed). John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 601pp.
Nikoljukin, M.J. 1972. Distant hybridization in acipenseridae and teleostei. Moskava, 335pp.
Okazaki, M., K. Narus, A. Shima and R. Arai. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships of bitterlings based on mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA sequences. J. Fish Biol., 58: 89-106.
Scribner, K.T., K.S. Page and M.L. Bartron. 2001. Hybridization in freshwater fishes: a review of case studies and cytonuclear methods of biological inference. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish., 10: 293-323.
Smith, C., M. Reichard, P. Jurajda and M. Przybylski. 2004. The reproductive ecology of the European bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus). J. Zool., Lond., 262: 107-124.
Soric V.M. 2004. A natural hybrid of Leuciscus cephalus and Alburnus alburnus (Pisces, Cyprinidae) from the Ibar River (Western Serbia). Arch. Biol. Sci., Belgrade, 56: 23-32.
Tamura, K. and M. Nei. 1993. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol. Biol. Evol., 10: 512-526.
Trautman, M.B. 1981. The fishes of Ohio. Ohio State Univ. Press, 124pp.
Yun, E.Y. 2009. Molecular phylogenetics and population genetics of Korean bitterlings, subfamily Acheilognathinae. MS. Thesis, Soonchunhyang Univ., 71pp. (in Korean)
AI-Helper
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.