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문제 정의
- The purpose of this survey was to identify the seasonal and population distributions of members of the family Tabanidae collected at United States (US) and ROK Army military installations/training sites and nearby villages in/near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) in the ROK.
제안 방법
- The numbers of tabanids collected for the different sites were variable (Table 3). Survey sites were divided into 3 groups by their property characteristics: NNSC and Camp Bonifas (adjacent to a low lying area and intermittent stream bordered by young mixed forests), Daeseong-dong and Warrior Base (bordered by rice paddies), and Tongilchon (adjacent to a cow shed and bordered by rice paddies and dry land agriculture on 2 sides and residences on the other 2 sides). Overall, the highest numbers (53.
- The surveyed areas were divided into 3 groups by their property characteristics: NNSC and Camp Bonifas (adjacent to a low lying and frequently flooded area and intermittent stream bordered by a forested area), Daeseong-dong and Warrior Base (bordered by rice paddies), and Tongilchon (adjacent to a cow shed). Kim et al.
대상 데이터
- Collection sites included the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC) camp (37° 57' 16.39" N, 26° 40' 50.03" E), Daeseong-dong (37° 56' 26.92" N, 126° 40' 37.42" E), Camp Bonifas [south boundary gate of the military demarcation line (S-MDL)] (37°56' 0.87" N, 126°43' 17.02" E) that separates North and South Korea, Warrior Base (US Army training site) (37° 55' 17.01" N, 126° 44' 30.22" E), and Tongilchon (beef farm) (37° 54' 32.18" N, 126° 44' 01.88" E) in northern Gyeonggi-do, ROK from April-October 2010-2013 (Table 1).
- 1. Map of the northern part of Gyeonggi-do (https://www.google.co.kr/maps) denoting collection sites of horse and deer flies at (A) NNSC (Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission camp adjacent to the Panmunjom); (B) Daeseong-dong (village of approximately 200 residents inside the DMZ), (C) Camp Bonifas [South boundary gate of the Military Demarcation Line (S-MDL) separating North and South Korea), (D) Warrior Base (US Army training sites approximately 2 km from the S-MDLsouthern boundary of the DMZ), and (E) Tongilchon (village of approximately 200 residents; trap set at a beef farm with approximately 50 cattle and 3 km from the S-MDL).
- 3. Number of tabanids collected by Mosquito Magnets at 10 day intervals for each month at Camp Bonifas (ROK Army installation), Warrior Base (US Army training site), Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission camp (NNSC), Daeseong-dong (village inside the DMZ), and Tongilchon (beef farm near the DMZ) from April-October, 2010-2013.
- Traps were operated continuously, with specimens collected bi-weekly from April-October during 2010-2013. Specimens were transported to the 5th Medical Detachment, US Army Garrison, Yongsan, Seoul, ROK, where mosquitoes and other biting flies were separated. Horse and deer flies were placed in 2 ml vials containing 70% ethanol and later identified morphologically using taxonomic keys [7-10].
- Rice farming is the principal activity, while there is one enclosed (non-pastured) beef farm of < 50 cattle. The trap was placed at the northern most edge of Daeseong-dong and approximately 100 m north of a beef farm and MDL. At Camp Bonifas, a Mosquito Magnet was set < 20 m from the south boundary gate of the MDL only during 2013.
성능/효과
- In conclusion, C. mlokosiewiczi and H. koryoensis were the 2 most commonly collected tabanids collected from various habitats near and inside the southern boundary of the DMZ, with peak populations observed from mid-June to early August. Adult populations were more influenced by low winter temperatures and precipitation rather than high temperatures during throughout the adult stage.
- In this study, populations of adult tabanids of some species (e.g., C. mlokosiewiczi and H. koryoensis) peaked from mid-June to early August, while other species (e.g., C. japonicas, H. astur, H. bimaculata, and H. brevis) demonstrated population peaks during May. Surveys in the southern part of the ROK (Jeollabuk-do) showed that populations of many of the species peaked from the end of June to early July [4, 5], and early and mid-July [6].
- Survey sites were divided into 3 groups by their property characteristics: NNSC and Camp Bonifas (adjacent to a low lying area and intermittent stream bordered by young mixed forests), Daeseong-dong and Warrior Base (bordered by rice paddies), and Tongilchon (adjacent to a cow shed and bordered by rice paddies and dry land agriculture on 2 sides and residences on the other 2 sides). Overall, the highest numbers (53.2%) of tabanids were collected from the NNSC camp, while the lowest numbers (0.7%) were collected at a beef farm in Tongilchon (Table 3). Overall, tabanids were found to be the most abundant during all years for habitats consisting of low lying areas with intermittent streams bordered by forests (Fig.
- 2). Populations of C. mlokosiewiczi and H. koryoensis peaked from mid-June to early August, while others (e.g., Chrysops japonicus, Hybomitra astur, Hybomitra bimaculata and Hybomitra brevis) peaked during May (Table 5; Fig. 3). Chrysops mlokosiewiczi populations demonstrated bimodal peaks with the first peak occurring in late June (25.
후속연구
- 3% in previous surveys using NJ light traps and Mosquito Magnet traps [6]. Additional surveys and studies are required to determine reasons for the very high abundance of C. mlokosiewiczi near the DMZ. Comparison of the annual numbers collected at the 4 survey sites during 2011-2013, abundance (catches) were more influenced by previous winter temperatures when compared to the spring or summer season temperatures, with a tendency to be affected by low mean temperatures (P = 0.
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