[논문]Health Monitoring of High-rise Building with Fiber Optic Sensor (SOFO)

Mikami, Takao; Nishizawa, Takao

doi:10.21022/ijhrb.2015.4.1.027

Health Monitoring of High-rise Building with Fiber Optic Sensor (SOFO) 원문보기

International journal of high-rise buildings, v.4 no.1, 2015년, pp.27 - 37

Mikami, Takao (IHI Inspection & Instrumentation Co. Ltd.) , Nishizawa, Takao (Measurement Technology Dept., IHI Inspection & Instrumentation Co. Ltd.)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Structural health monitoring is becoming more and more important in the domain of civil engineering as a proper mean to increase and maintain the safety, especially in the land of earthquakes like Japan. In many civil structures, the deformations are the most relevant parameter to be monitored. In this context, a monitoring technology based on the use of long-gage fiber optic deformation sensor, SOFO is being applied to a 33-floors tall building in Tokyo. Sensors were installed on the $2^{nd}$ floor's steel columns of the building on May 2005 in the early stage of the construction. The installed SOFO sensors were dynamic compatible ones which enable both static and dynamic measurements. The monitoring is to be performed during the whole lifespan of the building. During the construction, static deformations of the columns had been measured on a regular basis using a reading unit for static measurement and dynamic deformation measurements were occasionally conducted using a reading unit for dynamic measurement. The building was completed on August 2006. After the completion, static and dynamic deformation measurements have been continuing. This paper describes a health monitoring technology, SOFO system which is applicable to high-rise buildings and monitoring results of a 33-floors tall building in Tokyo from May 2005 to October 2010.

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문제 정의

The installed sensors were SOFO Dynamic compatible ones which enable both static and dynamic measurements. The main aim of monitoring is an evaluation of the structural condition after the completion of construction. Accordingly, the monitoring is being performed during the whole lifespan of the building, including the construction stage.

가설 설정

As shown in Fig. 14, compressive strains of all the columns were decreased remarkably in the period 1. It is supposed that not only the climbing crane but also other materials (heavy machinery, stocks of material, scaffoldings etc.) were removed. On the other hand, not all compressive strains were decreased in the period 2.
It is considered that a load increase by inner side works (concrete floors, piping, concrete walls etc.) in the period 2 was very large comparing with those in the period 1. We had expected that because the dead load variation after the completion will be small and the strains of the columns will maintain almost the same values accordingly. The strains of the columns, however, have been changing remarkably after the completion as shown in Fig.
The test results are shown in Fig. 12. Because of the heating effect by sunshine, the temperature of the steel pipe is much higher than that of the ambient air. Even in the steel pipe, there is a temperature distribution because of the sunshine effect.

제안 방법

In order to obtain the coefficient of thermal expansion of the steel column, a thermal expansion test was carried out using a steel pipe which has the same material as the columns on which SOFO sensors were installed. Because a SOFO sensor is installed on a measurement object through two L-brackets with an adhesive or bolts, tests were conducted within the parameters of materials of the L-bracket (Aluminum or SUS), directions of the L-bracket and methods of fixation (an adhesive or bolts).
Because the temperature change of the column is relatively large, an evaluation of the strain due to thermal expansion is of importance. In order to obtain the coefficient of thermal expansion of the steel column, a thermal expansion test was carried out using a steel pipe which has the same material as the columns on which SOFO sensors were installed. Because a SOFO sensor is installed on a measurement object through two L-brackets with an adhesive or bolts, tests were conducted within the parameters of materials of the L-bracket (Aluminum or SUS), directions of the L-bracket and methods of fixation (an adhesive or bolts).
This measurement was a reference for all further measurements. The measurements were performed every one month until the completion of construction on August 2006 and were performed every 2 months until the end of 2007 after the completion and have been performed generally every 2 to 6 months from January 2009. A general view of the building during the construction is shown in Fig.
In addition, three thermocouples were installed on the pipe to measure steel temperatures (Temp-1~Temp-3) and one thermocouple was put near the specimen to measure an ambient air temperature (Temp-4). This specimen was exposed in outdoor for four days and measurements were conducted automatically every 10 minutes. In this exposure test, because any external load was not applied, the specimen was expected to expand freely depending on the temperature change.

대상 데이터

A 33-floors tall building with a height of 147 m was constructed at Toyosu region in Tokyo. The Toyosu region is land reclaimed from the sea.
In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of fiber optic sensor system for the health monitoring of tall buildings, the SOFO V system is being applied on a 33-floors tall building with a height of 147 m in Tokyo. SOFO sensors were installed on five steel columns of the 2^nd floor on May 2005 in the early stage of construction. The installed sensors were SOFO Dynamic compatible ones which enable both static and dynamic measurements.
5. The monitored columns were named as X4Y2, X4Y5, X6Y5, X7Y9 and X8Y6 corresponding to their positions in the building. Here, the positions were expressed as X-Y coordinates (X, Y are transverse and longitudinal directions respectively).

데이터처리

If we plot the measured strains with SOFO sensor versus measured temperatures of the steel pipe, we can obtain a regression line and consequently the slope of the line would become the coefficient of thermal expansion of the steel pipe. In this health monitoring of he high-rise building, because the fixation method with glue for the sensor 6742 was applied, a regression analysis was conducted by applying Temp-1 data. The analysis result is shown in Fig.

이론/모형

The system has the capacity for monitoring structures over long periods of time, and has been successfully embedded or surface mounted in a variety of materials such as concrete, steel, and mortar. The sensor, based on low-coherence interferometry, uses a Michelson interferometer. The SOFO V system is well suited for static and long-term measurements (Inaudi et al.
To make an absolute measurement of this path imbalance, a low-coherence double Michelson interferometer is used. The first interferometer is made of the measurement and reference fibers, while the second is contained in the portable reading unit.

참고문헌 (9)

Glisic, B., Inaudi, D., and et al. (2003). "Monitoring of building columns during construction", 5th Asia Pacific Structural Engineering & Construction Conference (APSEC), Johor Bahru, Malaysia, pp. 593-606.
Inaudi, D., et al. (1996). "Bridge Monitoring by Interferometric Deformation Sensors", SPIE International Photonics China Symposium on Laser Optoelectronics and Microphotonics: Fiber Optic Sensors, China.
Inaudi, D., et al. (2000). "Geo-structural Monitoring with Long-gage Interferometric Sensors", SPIE Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of Aging Infrastructure, USA.
Inaudi, D. and Glisic, B. (2004) "Combining Static and Dynamic deformation monitoring with long-gauge fiber optic sensors", IABMAS'04, International Association for Bridge Maintenance and Safety, October 19-22, Kyoto, Japan.
Mikami, T., et al. (2009). "Health Monitoring of High-Rise Building with Fiber Optic Deformation Sensor", Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series C, 75(750), pp. 249-255. (in Japanese).

상세보기
Mikami, T., et al. (2006). "High-rise Building Monitoring by Fiber Optic Sensors", IABSE Symposium, Budapest, pp. 1-6.
Mikami, T., et al. (2002). "Structural Health Monitoring with Fiber Optic Sensors", SEWC2002, Yokohama, Japan, T9-1-d-1, pp. 1-6.
Nishizawa, T., et al. (2010). "Measurement Using Optical Fiber Sensors in order to Ensure and Keep Track of the Quality and Performance of Buildings from the Design to Post-completion Stages", 5th World Conference on Structural Control and Monitoring, E-5:213.
Nishizawa, T., et al. (2007). "The Report of the Monitoring of High-rise Building with irregular shape", The Aim and Abstract of the Monitoring, Proceedings of Kyusyu Conference of Architectural Institute of Japan, pp. 83-84. (in Japanese).

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Health Monitoring of High-rise Building with Fiber Optic Sensor (SOFO) 원문보기

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Health Monitoring of High-rise Building with Fiber Optic Sensor (SOFO) 원문보기

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