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문제 정의
- In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of moisturizers on the skin of healthy full-term infants and toddlers. In addition, we figure out any dependencies of effects on the differences of age or sex.
제안 방법
- 5, mild acidic. The adults had to apply the test product on the whole body of the infant excluding eyes and diaper area twice daily after bathing for 4 weeks. They continued to use their regular brand of baby-wash and shampoo provided they had been using the product for at least 1 month prior to the start of the test.
- Subjects were evaluated in the clinic at baseline (before using product), immediately after using the product, and after 1 and 4 weeks. Parents or legal guardians were instructed not to apply any product to the subjects for 24 h before each visit to the clinic.
- To investigate the influence of age and sex, we analyzed all data with grouping by age and sex: three groups by age (6 ∼ 12 months, 13 ∼ 24 months and 25 ∼ 36 months), and two groups by sex (male and female).
- Skin pH was measured using a skin-pH-meter PH905 (Courage-Khazaka electronic GmbH, Germany). Triplicate measurements were taken on one dorsal forearm (selected by the clinician) of each cooperative subject at each test visit.
- The skin surface was photographed with Folliscope and the skin texture was imaged and measured using Visioscan VC98 (Courage-Khazaka electronic GmbH, Germany) and Primos premium (GFM, Teltow, Germany) on one dorsal forearm at each test visit. The average roughness (R3 and Ra) value was analyzed using the photographed images.
- Adverse events were assessed during the time of test. On every visit, the investigator-evaluator was responsible for documenting all reported and observed adverse events such as erythema, dead skin cells, rashes, and swelling.
- [12] reported a study evaluating the safety and tolerability of a body wash and moisturizer regimen for infants and toddlers with atopic dermatitis. This study involved 6- to 36-month old infants and toddlers with a history of atopic dermatitis who used body wash and moisturizer twice daily for 4 weeks. The results showed that TEWL decreased from 7.
대상 데이터
- The trial subjects were healthy full-term Korean male and female children aged 6- to 36- months without any dermatologic conditions (e.g., atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, rosacea, diaper rash, or seborrheic dermatitis) and the parent or legal guardian who regularly cared for them. Parents and legal guardians aged at least 18 years were eligible to enroll their child in the study.
- The test product was a commercially available moisturizer, Johnson’s Baby Natural Nourishing Lotion (Johnson and Johnson Korean, Inc., Korea), containing purified water, glycerol, potassium phosphate, extraction of olive leaf, palm oil, vitamin E, and essential minerals (Table 1).
- Thirty-one subjects (12 males and 19 females) were initially invited and all subjects completed the entire treatment protocol and returned for follow-up visits. Subjects ranged in age from 6 to 36 months (6 ∼ 12 months [n=8], 13 ∼ 24 months [n=8], and 25 ∼ 36 months [n=15]) with an average age of 21.
데이터처리
- The data are given as averages and standard deviation. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze relationship between age and biophysical parameters and impaired t-test was done for finding correlation between sex and biophysical parameters. The significance level was set as 5% (i.
이론/모형
- Skin hydration was measured using a Corneometer CM 825 (Courage-Khazaka electronic GmbH, Germany) to determine the moisture content of the stratum corneum (SC) using an electrical capacitance method. This measurement is given in arbitrary units (AU) that are proportional to the dielectric constant of the surface layer of the skin and increase as the skin becomes more hydrated.
- The results of skin improvements were calculated and evaluated as percentages. Parametric test, c, and non-parametric Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used. The data are given as averages and standard deviation.
성능/효과
- This study involved 6- to 36-month old infants and toddlers with a history of atopic dermatitis who used body wash and moisturizer twice daily for 4 weeks. The results showed that TEWL decreased from 7.84 g/m2 /h to 6.25 g/m2 /h and corneometer readings increased from 34.65 AU to 42.99 AU at the forearm after 4 weeks. Compared with the study of Simpson et al.
- We measured skin roughness by two modalities, Visioscan and Primos premium. Both results showed a statistically significant decrease in R3 and Ra value during the trial period, indicating that the use of moisturizer improved skin roughness. In addition, as shown in Figure 5, the skin surfaces gradually became smoother and cracks or minor fissures were decreased.
- In conclusion, our results showed that the effects of moisturizer application on the skin were increased skin hydration, recovery of barrier function, balancing skin pH within a mild acidic value, and making the skin surface smooth. These changes are very helpful to maintaining the healthy skin of baby, and emphasize the importance of using moisturizer once again.
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