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NTIS 바로가기인지과학 = Korean journal of cognitive science, v.26 no.2, 2015년, pp.167 - 207
최현정 (트라우마치유센터 사람.마음)
This study focused on the awareness and coping methods of psychological trauma and human suffering in the contemporary era after the development of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) including the situations in the Korean society, and proposed principles for an alternative paradigm of trauma recove...
핵심어 | 질문 | 논문에서 추출한 답변 |
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PTSD 시대라고 불릴만큼 정신건강 기술 용어가 대중화 되었는데 어떤 장단점이 있는가? | 정신건강 기술 용어의 대중화란 양날의 칼이다. 외상 사건으로 인한 개인의 반응을 이해하고 이를 설명할 수 있는 이름이 있다는 점에서는 외상과 PTSD의 개념은 매우 유용하지만, 이 용어의 대중화는 외상에 대한 우리의 인식과 대응방식을 퇴보시키는 변화를 발생할 우려가 있다. | |
외상이란 무엇인가? | 외상(外傷, trauma)은 개인의 신체, 심리, 정체성 및 관계의 안녕감과 통합성을 와해하는 충격적인 사건을 일컫는다. 본래 외상은 그리스어에서 유래하여 ‘상처, 혹은 상처 치료에 수반되는’이라는 뜻으로 고통을 유발하는 신체 부상을 지칭했으나, Pierre Janet와 Sigmund Freud의 임상 연구 이후 신체에 국한되었던 외상의 정의는 심리적 차원으로 확장되었다(Wilson, 1994; Young, 1997). | |
PTSD 개념의 등장을 어떤 변화를 가져왔는가? | DSM에 최초로 PTSD 개념이 등장하여 비정상적 외부 요인과 그에 대한 정상적인 인간 반응을 구분함으로써, 외상에 대한 인식은 ‘패러다임 전환(Jones & Wessely, 2007)’을 맞이하였다. 1970년대 이전에는 외상 이후 나타나는 만성 후유증이 개인이 지닌 정신 질환과 관련 있다는 주장에 따라 외상 후유증이 개인의 문제로 치부되었으나(Jones & Wessely, 2007), 베트남 전쟁이 가했던 강력한 후유증에 대한 임상가들의 몰두는 DSM-III PTSD의 개발로 이어졌고, 외상 후 부적응의 요인으로 인간 개인의 심리적 결함이 아닌 외부 스트레스 요인을 지적하였다(Summerfield, 2001). |
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