황금찰수수(Sorghum bicolor L. cv. Hwanggeumchalsusu) 유래 에탄올 추출물 및 폴리페놀계 화합물의 항산화 활성 및 뉴라미니데이즈 억제 효과 Antioxidative Effect and Neuraminidase Inhibitory Activity of Polyphenols Isolated from a New Korean Red Waxy Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. cv. Hwanggeumchalsusu)원문보기
본 연구는 황금찰수수의 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 항산화 활성 및 뉴라니미데이즈 억제 효과를 조사하였다. 헥산, 에틸아세테이트, 메탄올과 70% 에탄올 조추출물에서 항산화력의 IC50값을 비교한 결과 70% 에탄올 추출물이 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS 라디칼 소거능에서 각각 83.2±2.7, 85.6±2.4 μg/ml으로 가장 높았고, 뉴라니미데이즈 억제활성 IC50값을 비교한 결과 메탄올 추출물에서 1.8±0.1 μg/ml로 나타났다. 또한 황금찰수수 추출물에서 컬럼크로마토그래피와 UPLC-PDA-MS/MS 분광기 분석을 통해, Gallic acid (1), Protocatecuic acid (2), p-Hydroxy benzoic acid (3), Vanillic acid (4), Caffeic acid (5), Ferulic acid (6), Luteolinidin (7), Apigeninidin (8), Luteolin (9), 총 9종의 폴리페놀 화합물을 확인하였다. 또한 각각의 화합물에 대한 항산화력의 IC50값을 비교한 결과 Luteolinidin이 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS 라디칼 소거능에서 각각 10.9±0.5, 8.6±3.0 μM로 가장 우수 하였고, 뉴라니미데이즈 억제활성은 Luteolin이 12.9±3.8의 IC50값과 비경쟁적 저해모델을 보였다. 결과적으로 황금찰수수는 높은 항산화 효과와 뉴라미니데이즈 억제활성을 보여 식품, 사료 등의 새로운 기능성소재로 다양하게 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.
본 연구는 황금찰수수의 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 항산화 활성 및 뉴라니미데이즈 억제 효과를 조사하였다. 헥산, 에틸아세테이트, 메탄올과 70% 에탄올 조추출물에서 항산화력의 IC50값을 비교한 결과 70% 에탄올 추출물이 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS 라디칼 소거능에서 각각 83.2±2.7, 85.6±2.4 μg/ml으로 가장 높았고, 뉴라니미데이즈 억제활성 IC50값을 비교한 결과 메탄올 추출물에서 1.8±0.1 μg/ml로 나타났다. 또한 황금찰수수 추출물에서 컬럼크로마토그래피와 UPLC-PDA-MS/MS 분광기 분석을 통해, Gallic acid (1), Protocatecuic acid (2), p-Hydroxy benzoic acid (3), Vanillic acid (4), Caffeic acid (5), Ferulic acid (6), Luteolinidin (7), Apigeninidin (8), Luteolin (9), 총 9종의 폴리페놀 화합물을 확인하였다. 또한 각각의 화합물에 대한 항산화력의 IC50값을 비교한 결과 Luteolinidin이 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS 라디칼 소거능에서 각각 10.9±0.5, 8.6±3.0 μM로 가장 우수 하였고, 뉴라니미데이즈 억제활성은 Luteolin이 12.9±3.8의 IC50값과 비경쟁적 저해모델을 보였다. 결과적으로 황금찰수수는 높은 항산화 효과와 뉴라미니데이즈 억제활성을 보여 식품, 사료 등의 새로운 기능성소재로 다양하게 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.
To identify nutritional and therapeutic properties of the new Korean red waxy sorghum cultivar ‘Hwanggeumchalsusu (HGC)’, we assayed the antioxidative effects and neuraminidase inhibitory activity. A methanol and 70% ethanol extract of HGC exhibited strong antioxidative effects (IC50 v...
To identify nutritional and therapeutic properties of the new Korean red waxy sorghum cultivar ‘Hwanggeumchalsusu (HGC)’, we assayed the antioxidative effects and neuraminidase inhibitory activity. A methanol and 70% ethanol extract of HGC exhibited strong antioxidative effects (IC50 values of 83.2±2.7 for DPPH) and 85.6±2.4 μg/ml for ABTS) and neuraminidase (ND) inhibitory activity (IC50 values of 1.8±0.1 from extracted with methanol and 3.4±0.1 μg/ml from extracted with 70% ethanol) compared with that of the control, noncolored sorghum cultivar ‘Huinchalsusu (HC)’ (IC50> 200 μg/ml). We isolated nine polyphenols, Gallic acid (1), Protocatecuic acid (2), p-Hydroxy benzoic acid (3), Vanillic acid (4), Caffeic acid (5), Ferulic acid (6), Luteolinidin (7), Apigeninidin (8), Luteolin (9), from the HGC - methanol extract, to determine whether they were the active components Luteolinidin of one kind of polyphenols from the HGC, exhibited significant antioxidative effects (IC50 values of 10.9±0.5 μM for DPPH and 8.6 0.6 μM for ABTS) and neuraminidase (ND) inhibitory activity (IC50 values of 26.3±0.6) showed noncompetitive inhibition model. The binding affinity of the ND inhibitors in molecular docking experiments correlated with their ND inhibitory activities. These results suggest that HGC may be utilized to serve as a potential effective antioxidant and inhibitor of ND.
To identify nutritional and therapeutic properties of the new Korean red waxy sorghum cultivar ‘Hwanggeumchalsusu (HGC)’, we assayed the antioxidative effects and neuraminidase inhibitory activity. A methanol and 70% ethanol extract of HGC exhibited strong antioxidative effects (IC50 values of 83.2±2.7 for DPPH) and 85.6±2.4 μg/ml for ABTS) and neuraminidase (ND) inhibitory activity (IC50 values of 1.8±0.1 from extracted with methanol and 3.4±0.1 μg/ml from extracted with 70% ethanol) compared with that of the control, noncolored sorghum cultivar ‘Huinchalsusu (HC)’ (IC50> 200 μg/ml). We isolated nine polyphenols, Gallic acid (1), Protocatecuic acid (2), p-Hydroxy benzoic acid (3), Vanillic acid (4), Caffeic acid (5), Ferulic acid (6), Luteolinidin (7), Apigeninidin (8), Luteolin (9), from the HGC - methanol extract, to determine whether they were the active components Luteolinidin of one kind of polyphenols from the HGC, exhibited significant antioxidative effects (IC50 values of 10.9±0.5 μM for DPPH and 8.6 0.6 μM for ABTS) and neuraminidase (ND) inhibitory activity (IC50 values of 26.3±0.6) showed noncompetitive inhibition model. The binding affinity of the ND inhibitors in molecular docking experiments correlated with their ND inhibitory activities. These results suggest that HGC may be utilized to serve as a potential effective antioxidant and inhibitor of ND.
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문제 정의
2A, Table 3). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the ability of compounds 7 and 8 to inhibit ND activity. Compound 9 is a known ND inhibitor [9, 24], and was used as a positive control.
effect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that a colored sorghum cultivar may serve as food for human consumption or as animal feed with antioxidative and antiviral activity.
가설 설정
a)Extraction yields are represented as g/100 g dry weight.
c)Luteolin was used as a positive control.
제안 방법
All measurements were repeated three times, and the re- sults are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of data obtained from triplicate experiments. The data were displayed using SigmaPlot software.
5 was applied to an RPCC that was eluted with a mixture of meth- anol and distilled water (5:1, 1:1, and 0:1), yielding com- pounds 2 (26 mg) and 1 (27 mg). Nuclear magnetic reso- nance (NMR, Bruker Avance-300, Bruker Biospin, Karlsruhe, Germany) and ultra–highperformance liquid chromatog- raphy (UPLC, Waters, Milford, USA) equipped with an elec- tro–spray ionization–tandem mass/mass spectrometric system (LC/MS/MS, Waters) were used to determine their structures. The 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral data of com- pounds are available as supplementary materials.
The calibration curve was generated using different concentrations of isolated compounds. The identities of the compounds were determined by comparing the retention times of the standard peaks with those of the sorghum extract peaks.
To determine the inhibition model displayed by com- pounds, Lineweaver-Bulk and Dixon plot were obtained at several inhibitor concentrations using several substrate (S) concentrations and data were analyzed using the SigmaPlot (SPCC Inc., Chicago, USA). The kinetic parameter, Ki values were calculated according to equation (3).
대상 데이터
1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2’-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), potassium per- sulfate, Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase (ND), 4-meth- ylumbelliferyl-α-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid sodium salt hy- drate (4-MU-NANA), sodium acetate, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). HPLC-grade water and acetonitrile (ACN) were purchased from J.
The HGC–methanol extract yielded fractions containing discrete peaks from repeated column chromatographic sepa- rations, and nine phenolic compounds were identified using NMR and LC/MS/MS. The LC/MS/MS chromatograms are shown in Fig.
이론/모형
Inhibition of ND activity was measured using a mod- ification of a method published by Potier et al [16]. The sample (100 μl, inhibitor, I) was mixed with 2 mM 4- MU-NANA (125 μl) and sodium acetate buffer (1771 μl, pH 5.
2 [14]. The monomer model of the three - dimensional structure of neuraminidase (PDB code: 2VK6) [18] was used. The AUTODOCKTOOLS program was also used to generate the docking input files using the implemented empirical free energy function and the Lamarckian genetic algorithm.
To determine effect of chemical structure, inhibitor’s binding modes in the ND active site were analyzed via mo- lecular docking calculation using by AUTODOCK (Fig. 3). The least stable binding mode with energy of -4.
성능/효과
In conclusion, we assessed for the first time the anti- oxidative effect and ND inhibitory activity of new Korean red waxy sorghum cultivar HGC, and compounds isolated from HGC. We found that methanol extracts of HGC strong- ly inhibited ND activity and exhibited antioxidant activity.
2 mg/100 g, the rest two compounds were present at trace levels in HC. These results suggest that HGC, which contained nine polyphenols in abundance, was a more effec- tive antioxidant and inhibitor of ND activity than HC. Furthermore, the HG extract was a poor inhibitor of ND; therefore, these findings suggest that HGC sorghum cultivar may serve as a resource for producing antioxidants and ant influenza agents.
d)Free radical scavenging and ND inhibitory activities were very low (0%-7.2% at 100 μM).
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