ISSR에 의한 잔디속 식물의 DNA 다형성과 유전적 관계 평가 DNA Polymorphism and Assessments of Genetic Relationships in genus Zoysia Based on Simple Sequence Repeat Markers원문보기
한국에서 채집한 잔디속(genus Zoysia) 식물 종의 유전적 변이를 단순 서열 반복(Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Markers, ISSR) 마커 시스템으로 조사하였다. 8개의 ISSR 시발체를 이용한 중합효소 사슬 증폭반응에서 86개의 분절의 증폭물을 얻었으며 이 중 76(87.1%)개 분절이 다형성을 나타내었다. ISSR 마커 시스템에서 다형성 정보 지수(PIC)는 0.848이었다. 다형성 대립유전자좌위의 퍼센트(Pp)는 41.2%에서 44.7%까지 나타내었다. 네이(Nei)의 유전자 다양성(H)은 0.149에서 0.186까지 이며 평균은 0.170이었다. 샤논(Shannon)의 정보 지수(I)의 평균값은 0.250이었다. 대립유전자좌위에 근거하여 전체 변이에서 종 간 차이를 나타내는 변이의 몫(GST)은 0.601였다. 이는 전체변이의 약 60.1%는 종 간에 있음을 의미한다. 따라서 변이의 약 39.9%는 종 내에 있었다. GST에 근거한 유전자 흐름(이동)은 잔디속 간에는 대단히 낮았다(Nm = 0.332). 계통도는 3개의 뚜렷한 분지군으로 분리되었다. 왕잔디(Zoysia macrostachya)와 금잔디(Z. tenuifolia) 분지군, 갯잔디(Z. sinica) 단독 분지군, 잔디(Z .japonica) 단독 분지군이었다. 결론적으로 잔디속 식물에 대한 ISSR 분석은 유전적 변이를 탐지하는데 유용하며, 종을 구분하는 유전자형의 대한 식별력을 주었다.
한국에서 채집한 잔디속(genus Zoysia) 식물 종의 유전적 변이를 단순 서열 반복(Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Markers, ISSR) 마커 시스템으로 조사하였다. 8개의 ISSR 시발체를 이용한 중합효소 사슬 증폭반응에서 86개의 분절의 증폭물을 얻었으며 이 중 76(87.1%)개 분절이 다형성을 나타내었다. ISSR 마커 시스템에서 다형성 정보 지수(PIC)는 0.848이었다. 다형성 대립유전자좌위의 퍼센트(Pp)는 41.2%에서 44.7%까지 나타내었다. 네이(Nei)의 유전자 다양성(H)은 0.149에서 0.186까지 이며 평균은 0.170이었다. 샤논(Shannon)의 정보 지수(I)의 평균값은 0.250이었다. 대립유전자좌위에 근거하여 전체 변이에서 종 간 차이를 나타내는 변이의 몫(GST)은 0.601였다. 이는 전체변이의 약 60.1%는 종 간에 있음을 의미한다. 따라서 변이의 약 39.9%는 종 내에 있었다. GST에 근거한 유전자 흐름(이동)은 잔디속 간에는 대단히 낮았다(Nm = 0.332). 계통도는 3개의 뚜렷한 분지군으로 분리되었다. 왕잔디(Zoysia macrostachya)와 금잔디(Z. tenuifolia) 분지군, 갯잔디(Z. sinica) 단독 분지군, 잔디(Z .japonica) 단독 분지군이었다. 결론적으로 잔디속 식물에 대한 ISSR 분석은 유전적 변이를 탐지하는데 유용하며, 종을 구분하는 유전자형의 대한 식별력을 주었다.
The genetic variability of four species of the genus Zoysia collected from South Korea was analyzed using an inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker system. Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with eight ISSR primers generated 86 amplicons, 76 (87.1%) of which were polymorphisms. The polymorphism in...
The genetic variability of four species of the genus Zoysia collected from South Korea was analyzed using an inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker system. Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with eight ISSR primers generated 86 amplicons, 76 (87.1%) of which were polymorphisms. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value of the ISSR marker system was 0.848. The percentage of polymorphic loci (Pp) ranged from 41.2% to 44.7%. Nei’s gene diversity (H) ranged from 0.149 to 0.186, with an average overall value of 0.170. The mean of Shannon’s information index (I) value was 0.250. Total genetic diversity values (HT) varied between 0.356 (ISSR-1) and 0.418 (ISSR-16), for an average overall polymorphic loci of 0.345. Interlocus variation in within-species genetic diversity (HS) was low (0.170). On a per-locus basis, the proportion of total genetic variation due to differences among species (GST) was 0.601. This indicated that about 60.1% of the total variation was among species. Thus, about 39.9 of genetic variation was within species. The estimate of gene flow, based on GST, was very low among species of the genus Zoysia (Nm = 0.332). The phylogenic tree showed three distinct groups: Z. macrostachya and Z. tenuifolia clades and other species were formed the separated clusters. In conclusion, the ISSR assay was useful for detecting genetic variation in the genus Zoysia, and its discriminatory power was comparable to that of other genotyping tools.
The genetic variability of four species of the genus Zoysia collected from South Korea was analyzed using an inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker system. Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with eight ISSR primers generated 86 amplicons, 76 (87.1%) of which were polymorphisms. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value of the ISSR marker system was 0.848. The percentage of polymorphic loci (Pp) ranged from 41.2% to 44.7%. Nei’s gene diversity (H) ranged from 0.149 to 0.186, with an average overall value of 0.170. The mean of Shannon’s information index (I) value was 0.250. Total genetic diversity values (HT) varied between 0.356 (ISSR-1) and 0.418 (ISSR-16), for an average overall polymorphic loci of 0.345. Interlocus variation in within-species genetic diversity (HS) was low (0.170). On a per-locus basis, the proportion of total genetic variation due to differences among species (GST) was 0.601. This indicated that about 60.1% of the total variation was among species. Thus, about 39.9 of genetic variation was within species. The estimate of gene flow, based on GST, was very low among species of the genus Zoysia (Nm = 0.332). The phylogenic tree showed three distinct groups: Z. macrostachya and Z. tenuifolia clades and other species were formed the separated clusters. In conclusion, the ISSR assay was useful for detecting genetic variation in the genus Zoysia, and its discriminatory power was comparable to that of other genotyping tools.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
제안 방법
Clustering of four species of genus Zoysia, using the NJ algorithm, was performed based on the matrix of calculated distances (Fig. 1). Four species of genus Zoysia were well separated each other.
Considering the potentials of the ISSR marker based ge- netic diversity analysis, the present study aimed to evaluate the extent of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among four species of genus Zoysia collected from Korea.
이론/모형
A phenetic relationship was constructed by the neighbor joining (NJ) method using the NEIGHBOR program in MEGA5 [28].
The total genomic DNA was extracted from the leaf tis- sues using the plant DNA Zol Reagent (Life Technologies Inc., Grand Island, New York, USA) according to the manu- facturers protocol. DNA quantity was checked using a mini fluorometer (TKO 100 Mini-Fluorometer, Hoefer Scientific Instruments).
성능/효과
The relatively high level of genetic variation found in ge- nus Zoysia is consistent with several aspects of its biology. First, the particular breeding system that a plant possesses is an important determinant of variability at both the species and population levels. Flowering plants exhibit a spectacular diversity in reproductive systems, and this can have im- portant effects on the amount and structuring of genetic var- iation within and among populations [9].
Genetic differentiation among populations is principally a function of natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow among populations via pollen and seed dispersal [26]. Of the total variation observed in Zoysia species about 20.0- 27.7% was due to differences among species (GST = 0.601, HVAR)/HSP = 0.710). Predominantly wind-pollinated out- crossing species have on an average less than 10 % of the genetic variation between populations [11].
For analysis of variability of genus Zoysia, eight primers were used for studying the ISSR banding patterns across the entire samples. The eight primers generated a total of 85 consistently scorable bands, 76 of which were polymorphic (89.4% polymorphism) (Table 1). The average number of am- plification products was 10.
Total genetic diversity values (HT) varied between 0.356 (ISSR-1) and 0.418 (ISSR-16), for an average over all poly- morphic loci of 0.345 (Table 3). Interlocus variation in the within-species genetic diversity (HS) was low (0.
참고문헌 (34)
Anderson, S. J. 2000. Taxonomy of Zoysia (Poaceae): Morphological and molecular variation. Ph.D. dissertation, Texas A&M Univ., Texas, USA.
Bayer, R. J. 1990. Patterns of clonal diversity in the Antennaria rosea (Asteraceae) polyploid agamic complex. Am. J. Bot. 77, 1313-1319.
Bowman, K. D., Hutcheson, K., Odum, E. P. and Shenton, L. R. 1971. Comments on the distribution of indices of diversity. Stat. Ecol. 3, 315-359.
Choi, J. S., Ahn, B. J. and Yang, G. M. 1997a. Classification of zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) native to the southwest coastal regions of Korea using RAPDs. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 38, 789-795.
Choi, J. S., Ahn, B. J. and Yang, G. M. 1997b. Distribution of native zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) in the south and west coastal regions of Korea and classification using morphological characteristics. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 38, 399-407.
Collard, B. C. Y. and Mackill, D. J. 2009. Start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism: a simple, novel DNA marker technique for generating gene-targeted markers in plants. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 27, 86-93.
Engelke, M. and Anderson, S. 2003. Zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.), pp. 271-286. In: M. D. Casler and Cuncan, R. R. (eds.), Turfgrass Biology, Genetics, and Breeding. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
Forbes, I. Jr. 1952. Chromosome numbers and hybrids in Zoysia. Agron. J. 44, 194-199.
Glemin, S., Bazin, E. and Charlesworth, D. 2006. Impact of mating systems on patterns of sequence polymorphism in flowering plants. Proc. Biol. Sci. 273, 3011-3019.
Hamrick, J. L. and Godt, M. J. W. 1989. Allozyme diversity in plant species, pp. 304-319. In: Brown, A. H. D., Clegg, M. T., Kahler, A. L. and Weir, B. S. (eds.), Plant Population Genetics, Breeding and Genetic Resources. Sinauer Sunderland, MA.
Hamrick, J. L., Godt, M. J. W. and Sherman-Broyles, S. L. 1992. Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species. New For. 6, 95-124.
Hu, J. and Vick, B. A. 2003. Target region amplification polymorphism: a novel marker technique for plant genotyping. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 21, 289-294.
Jin, H. and Han, L. B. 2004. Progress on genetic diversity of Zoysia japonica Steud. J. Bejing. For. Uni. 26, 91-95.
Ledig, F. T. 1986. Heterozygosity, heterosis, and fitness in outbreeding plants, pp. 77-104. In: Soule, M. E. (ed.), Conservation Biology. Sinauer Sunderland, MA.
Le Thierry d’Enneequin, M., Poupance, B. and Starr, A. 2000. Assessment of genetic relationships between Setaria italica and its wild relative S. viridis using AFLP markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 100, 1061-1066.
Loch, D. S., Simon, B. K. and Poulter, R. E. 2005. Taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of Zoysia macrantha Desv., an Australian native species with turf breeding potential. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 10, 593-599.
Loveless, M. D. and Hamrick, J. L. 1984. Ecological determinants of genetic structure in plant populations. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 15, 65-95.
Lubberstedt, T., Melchinger, A. E., Duble, C., Vuylsteke, M. and Kuiper, M. 2000. Relationships among early Europe maize inbreds: IV. Genetic diversity revealed with AFLP markers and comparison with RFLP, RAPD, and pedigree data. Crop Sci. 40, 783-791.
Nei, M. and Li, W. H. 1979. Mathematical model for studying genetical variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 5267-5273.
Paul, S. P., Wachira, F. N., Powell, W. and Waugh, R. 1997. Diversity and genetic differentiation among populations of Indian and Kenyan tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) revealed by AFLP markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 94, 255-263.
Shete, S., Tiwari, H. and Elston, R. C. 2000. On estimating the heterozygosity and polymorphism information content value. Theor. Pop. Biol. 57, 265-271.
Stewart, A. 2005. The potential for domestication and seed propagation of native New Zealand grasses for turf, pp. 277-284. In: Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture Conference 2003: Greening the City-Bringing Biodiversity Back into the Urban Environment. October 21-24., Christchurch, New Zealand.
Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. and Kumar, S. 2011. MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol. Biol. Evol. 28, 2731-2739.
Vijayan, K. 2005. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) Ppolymorphism and its application in mulberry genome analysis. Int. J. Indust. Entomol. 10, 79-86.
Weng, J. H., Fan, M. J., Lin, C. Y., Liu, Y. H. and Huang, S. Y. 2007. Genetic variation of Zoysia as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and isozyme pattern. Plant. Prod. Sci. 10, 80-85.
Xie, Y., Liu, L., Fu, J. and Li, H. 2012. Genetic diversity in Chinese natural zoysiagrass based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis. Afr. J. Biotechol. 11, 7659-7669.
Yaneshita, M., Kaneko, S. and Sasakuma, T. 1999. Allotetraploidy of Zoysia species with 2n40 based on a RFLP genetic map. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98, 751-756.
Yeh, F. C., Yang, R. C. and Boyle, T. 1999. POPGENE Version 1.31, Microsoft Windows-based Freeware for Population Genetic Analysis. University of Alberta, Alberta.
Zietkiewicz, E., Rafalski, A. and Labuda, D. 1994. Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeat (SSR)-anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification. Genomics 20, 176-183.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.