Importance of substrate material for sustaining the bryozoan Pectinatella magnifica following summer rainfall in lotic freshwater ecosystems, South Korea원문보기
We investigated the influence of summer rainfall on Pectinatella magnifica colonies in lotic ecosystems. Of the examined substrate materials, branches and aquatic macrophytes supported more colonies of P. magnifica than that by stones or artificial materials. The influence of rainfall on P. magnific...
We investigated the influence of summer rainfall on Pectinatella magnifica colonies in lotic ecosystems. Of the examined substrate materials, branches and aquatic macrophytes supported more colonies of P. magnifica than that by stones or artificial materials. The influence of rainfall on P. magnifica colonies differed in accordance with the type of substrate material at each study site. In the Geum River, little difference was noted in the number of P. magnifica colonies on branches before ($mean{\pm}SE$, $24{\pm}7.3$ individuals) and after rainfall ($20{\pm}8.4$ ind.); other substrate types supported fewer colonies of P. magnifica after rainfall. In contrast, in the Miryang River, rainfall had minimal effect on the number of P. magnifica colonies supported by macrophytes ($13{\pm}3.8$ and $12{\pm}4.3$ ind., respectively). Artificial material was more abundant in the Banbyeon Stream where it was able to support more colonies of P. magnifica. We found that the structure of different substrates sustains P. magnifica following rainfall. In the Miryang River, free-floating and submerged plants with a relatively heterogeneous substrate surface were the dominant macrophytes, whereas in the Geum River, simple macrophytes (i.e., emergent plants) were dominant. Therefore, we conclude that the substrate type on which P. magnifica grows plays an important role in resisting physical disturbances such as rainfall.
We investigated the influence of summer rainfall on Pectinatella magnifica colonies in lotic ecosystems. Of the examined substrate materials, branches and aquatic macrophytes supported more colonies of P. magnifica than that by stones or artificial materials. The influence of rainfall on P. magnifica colonies differed in accordance with the type of substrate material at each study site. In the Geum River, little difference was noted in the number of P. magnifica colonies on branches before ($mean{\pm}SE$, $24{\pm}7.3$ individuals) and after rainfall ($20{\pm}8.4$ ind.); other substrate types supported fewer colonies of P. magnifica after rainfall. In contrast, in the Miryang River, rainfall had minimal effect on the number of P. magnifica colonies supported by macrophytes ($13{\pm}3.8$ and $12{\pm}4.3$ ind., respectively). Artificial material was more abundant in the Banbyeon Stream where it was able to support more colonies of P. magnifica. We found that the structure of different substrates sustains P. magnifica following rainfall. In the Miryang River, free-floating and submerged plants with a relatively heterogeneous substrate surface were the dominant macrophytes, whereas in the Geum River, simple macrophytes (i.e., emergent plants) were dominant. Therefore, we conclude that the substrate type on which P. magnifica grows plays an important role in resisting physical disturbances such as rainfall.
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문제 정의
The primary objective of our study was to investigate how the distribution pattern of P. magnifica is affected by summer rainfall. We investigated the contribution of substrate materials in supporting large colonies of P.
가설 설정
In this study, we investigated how the number of P. magnifica colonies on various substrate materials was affected during summer (July to August). Prior to collection of P.
제안 방법
A DO meter (Model 58; YSI Inc., Yellow Springs, OH, USA) was used to measure the water temperature and DO, and conductivity and pH were measured using a conductivity meter (Fisher conductivity meter model 152; Fisher Instrument Co., Pittsburg, PA, USA) and pH meter (Orion Model 250A; Orion Research Inc., Boston, MA, USA), respectively.
대상 데이터
1 and Table 1). Sampling point 1 is located in the central-western part of South Korea, at the mid-region of the Geum River near Sejong Weir, and has slow water velocity and residence time. Sampling points 2 and 3 are located in the southeastern part of Korea, the mid-region of the Miryang River and the Banbyeon Stream.
데이터처리
Results from a two-way ANOVA where significance was determined at (where significance was determined at P < 0.05).
We utilized a two-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) to compare the number of P. magnifica colonies in accordance with substrate type (stones, macrophytes, branches, and artificial material) and rainfall simultaneously using the statistical package SPSS for Windows (ver. 14).
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