A total of 4 aquatic plants, Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi, Hydrocharis dubia Backer, Salvinia natans All., and Zizania latifolia Turcz., were sampled from representative two wetlands of South Korea. A total of 38 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from aquatic plants native to the Daepyeong wetlan...
A total of 4 aquatic plants, Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi, Hydrocharis dubia Backer, Salvinia natans All., and Zizania latifolia Turcz., were sampled from representative two wetlands of South Korea. A total of 38 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from aquatic plants native to the Daepyeong wetland, and 27 strains were isolated from the Jilnal wetland. The internal transcribed spacer regions of fungal isolates were sequenced and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. In addition, endophytic fungal diversity from each wetland and host plant species was deduced. A total of 25 fungal genera were purely isolated, and 16 fungal genera were isolated from each of the two wetlands. Commonly isolated genera from both wetlands were Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Clonostachys, Fusarium, Leptosphaeria, Penicillium, and Talaromyces. This study revealed that fungal diversity varied with environmental conditions and by host plant in representative two wetlands.
A total of 4 aquatic plants, Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi, Hydrocharis dubia Backer, Salvinia natans All., and Zizania latifolia Turcz., were sampled from representative two wetlands of South Korea. A total of 38 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from aquatic plants native to the Daepyeong wetland, and 27 strains were isolated from the Jilnal wetland. The internal transcribed spacer regions of fungal isolates were sequenced and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. In addition, endophytic fungal diversity from each wetland and host plant species was deduced. A total of 25 fungal genera were purely isolated, and 16 fungal genera were isolated from each of the two wetlands. Commonly isolated genera from both wetlands were Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Clonostachys, Fusarium, Leptosphaeria, Penicillium, and Talaromyces. This study revealed that fungal diversity varied with environmental conditions and by host plant in representative two wetlands.
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문제 정의
The aim of this study was to identify the distribution and diversity of fungi from 4 representative aquatic plant species native to the Daepyeong and Jilnal wetlands, which were designated as natural monuments for the purpose of wetland preservation. Fungal colonies from the roots of each aquatic plant were isolated and identified by the amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of genomic DNA.
natans to promote (control) their growth or increase the efficiency of water purification activity in eutrophied water, have to be done. This study compared the distribution of endophytic fungi from aquatic plants native to two representative wetlands in Korea for the purpose of discovering diverse and effective microorganisms. This study provides basic information about microbial resources of wetland aquatic plants.
Furthermore, the fungal diversity of each plant was assessed and comparatively analyzed. This study is the first research that provides basic data on the relationship between aquatic plants and their endophytic fungi. Promising microbial resources with benefits for aquatic plants that purify water environments can be identified by this study.
This study compared the distribution of endophytic fungi from aquatic plants native to two representative wetlands in Korea for the purpose of discovering diverse and effective microorganisms. This study provides basic information about microbial resources of wetland aquatic plants.
이론/모형
Diversity at the genus level was revealed using the Margalef ’s richness index (Dmg) [14] and Mehinick’s index (Dmn) [15].
The ITS region sequences of endophytic fungi were compared with sequences of other fungal species showing similarity over 99%, as determined by analyzing data from the GenBank databases of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using the MEGA program ver. 6.0 with an alignment of sequences that was prepared using ClustalW software [13]. The phylogenetic trees were inferred with the neighbor-joining algorithm with the Kimura 2-parameter.
0 with an alignment of sequences that was prepared using ClustalW software [13]. The phylogenetic trees were inferred with the neighbor-joining algorithm with the Kimura 2-parameter. The stability of relationships was evaluated by a bootstrap analysis with a resampling of 1,000 times [13].
The richness of fungal isolates from the Daepyeong and Jilnal wetlands was analyzed at the genus level using Mehinick’s index (Dmn) and Margalef’s richness index (Dmg).
Phylogenetic analysis of endophytic fungi isolated from the aquatic plants in Daepyeong and Jilnal wetlands. This phylogenetic tree was constructed by using the neighbor-joining method (1,000 bootstrap replications). Bootstrap values (70%) are indicated at relevant nodes.
성능/효과
Similarly, we found the following fungal genera represented in the Jilnal wetland. A total of 6 strains isolated from E. kuroguwai belonged to 4 genera, including Clonostachys, Leptosphaeria, Massarina, and Penicillium, and 4 strains from H. dubia belonged to 3 genera, including Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Leptosphaeria. A total of 9 strains from S.
dubia belonged to genera Cladosporium, Fusarium, Mucor, Myxotrichum, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Talaromyces, and Trichoderma. A total of 8 strains from S. natans belonged to 7 genera, including Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Diaporhte, Fusarium, Pestalotiopsis, Plectosphaerella, and Pseudocercosporella. Finally, 11 strains from Z.
Based on the phylogenetic analysis, we found the following fungal genera represented in the Daepyeong wetland. A total of 8 strains isolated from E. kuroguwai belonged to the genera Cladosporium, Clonostachys, Fusarium, Leptosphaeria, Pestalotiopsis, and Plectosphaerella. A total of 11 strains from H.
dubia belonged to 3 genera, including Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Leptosphaeria. A total of 9 strains from S. natans belonged to 8 genera, including Cladosporium, Fusarium, Gibberella, Leptosphaeria, Paraphaeosphaeria, Phoma, Sarocladium, and Talaromyces, and 8 strains from Z. latifolia belonged to 6 genera, including Acephala, Cephalosporium, Clohesyomyces, Fusarium, Talaromyces, and Zalerion (Table 3).
natans belonged to 7 genera, including Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Diaporhte, Fusarium, Pestalotiopsis, Plectosphaerella, and Pseudocercosporella. Finally, 11 strains from Z. latifolia belonged to 6 genera, including Acremonium, Alternaria, Fusarium, Leptosphaeria, Penicillium, and Talaromyces (Table 2).
natans can also cover the surface of a wetland with blooms and decrease the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water [6, 18]. In conclusion, endophytes may play a major role in growth modulation of S. natans, an outstanding eutrophication controller. However, the interaction between the water purifying S.
natans and their endophytes has not been studied well. In this study, S. natans showed the highest fungal diversity value of the plants surveyed (Table 4). This may have resulted from a prolonged period of endosymbiosis with pteridophytes that appeared at an early stage of tracheophyte evolution.
후속연구
However, these researches have not been vigorously conducted. This study provides endophytic diversity as basic data from these wetland environments and on aquatic plant-endophyte interactions that will be valuable for further study.
Therefore, microbial distribution and diversity may differ from one another [11]. Up to now, endosymbiotic microorganisms of aquatic plants have not been studied well, so this study can serve as a starting point for further research.
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