Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding Korean rice wine residue (RWR) in total mixed ration (TMR) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and growth performance of growing Hanwoo steers. Methods: For in vitro fermentation, the experimental treatments were Control (Con: 0 % R...
Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding Korean rice wine residue (RWR) in total mixed ration (TMR) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and growth performance of growing Hanwoo steers. Methods: For in vitro fermentation, the experimental treatments were Control (Con: 0 % RWR + TMR), Treatment 1 (T1: 10 % RWR + TMR), and Treatment 2 (T2: 15 % RWR + TMR). The rumen fluid was collected from three Hanwoo steers and mixed with buffer solution, after which buffered rumen fluid was transferred into serum bottles containing 2 g dry matter (DM) of TMR added with or without RWR. The samples were then incubated for 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, or 48 h at $39^{\circ}C$ and 100 rpm. For the in vivo experiment, 27 Hanwoo steers (6 months old) with an average weight of $196{\pm}8.66kg$ were subjected to a 24-week feeding trial. The animals were randomly selected and equally distributed into three groups. After which the body weight, feed intake and blood characteristics of each group were investigated. Results: The pH of the treatments decreased significantly relative to the control during the 12 h of incubation. Total gas production and ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) was not affected by RWR addition. The total volatile fatty acid (VFA) was lower after 24 h of incubation but at other incubation times, the concentration was not affected by treatments. Feed cost was 8 % and 15 % lower in T1 and T2 compared to control. Blood alcohol was not detected and a significant increase in total weight gain and average daily gain were observed in Hanwoo steers fed with RWR. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study suggest that TMR amended with 15 % RWR can be used as an alternative feed resource for ruminants to reduce feed cost.
Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding Korean rice wine residue (RWR) in total mixed ration (TMR) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and growth performance of growing Hanwoo steers. Methods: For in vitro fermentation, the experimental treatments were Control (Con: 0 % RWR + TMR), Treatment 1 (T1: 10 % RWR + TMR), and Treatment 2 (T2: 15 % RWR + TMR). The rumen fluid was collected from three Hanwoo steers and mixed with buffer solution, after which buffered rumen fluid was transferred into serum bottles containing 2 g dry matter (DM) of TMR added with or without RWR. The samples were then incubated for 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, or 48 h at $39^{\circ}C$ and 100 rpm. For the in vivo experiment, 27 Hanwoo steers (6 months old) with an average weight of $196{\pm}8.66kg$ were subjected to a 24-week feeding trial. The animals were randomly selected and equally distributed into three groups. After which the body weight, feed intake and blood characteristics of each group were investigated. Results: The pH of the treatments decreased significantly relative to the control during the 12 h of incubation. Total gas production and ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) was not affected by RWR addition. The total volatile fatty acid (VFA) was lower after 24 h of incubation but at other incubation times, the concentration was not affected by treatments. Feed cost was 8 % and 15 % lower in T1 and T2 compared to control. Blood alcohol was not detected and a significant increase in total weight gain and average daily gain were observed in Hanwoo steers fed with RWR. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study suggest that TMR amended with 15 % RWR can be used as an alternative feed resource for ruminants to reduce feed cost.
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문제 정의
In view of these economic and environmental concerns, strategies to efficiently utilize industrial byproducts are necessary. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of wet TMR including rice wine residue as replacement for concentrate on in vitro ruminal fermentation and growth performance of growing Hanwoo steers.
제안 방법
CJ and LM carried out the in vitro and in vivo experiments, performed the statistical analyses, and drafted the manuscript. YK and HS performed the feed formulation of this experiment.
66 kg. The animals were divided into three treatment groups (nine animals per group) and fed one of the three experimental diets, namely: Control (Con: 0 % RWR + TMR), Treatment 1 (T1: 10 % RWR + TMR), and Treatment 2 (T2: 15 % RWR + TMR). Three cattle were confined in experimental pens (5 m × 10 m) constructed of steel.
데이터처리
Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the general linear model (GLM) for a randomized complete block design. All treatments were conducted in triplicates.
이론/모형
5 ml Eppendorf tubes and deep frozen at −80 ℃ until ammonia-N and VFA analysis. The ammonia-N concentration was measured according to the methods developed by Chaney and Marbach [7] using a Libra S22 spectrophotometer (Biochrom Ltd., CB40FJ, England) at an absorbance of 630 nm. For determination of VFA concentrations, samples contained in Eppendorf tubes were thawed at room temperature, after which they were filtered through 0.
성능/효과
[15] reported that the total concentration of VFAs varies widely according to diet and time elapsed since the previous meal, although it is normally in the range of 70 mM to 150 mM. In this study, VFA increased gradually with increased incubation periods, and the total concentrations of VFAs were comparable among control and treatment groups after 48 h of incubation. Feeds high in rapidly fermentable carbohydrates lead to populations of bacteria which produce relatively more propionate and butyrate than acetate [16], that indicate significantly higher butyrate concentration in T2.
The results of in vitro ruminal fermentation revealed that the replacement of RWR to TMR did not cause a significant change in total gas production as well as pH level. However, total gas production increased while pH level decreased with advancing rumen fermentation period of the substrate.
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