개도국 농업발전을 위한 농산물 가치사슬 개선 전략: 캄보디아 사례를 중심으로 Improvement Strategies of Agro-Value Chain for Agricultural Development in Developing Countries: The Case of Cambodia원문보기
Purpose - Value chain in agriculture refers to direct and indirect activities related to value-added process from raw materials to final products in agricultural industries. In recent years, value chain analysis has become more important in the area of agricultural development. This article reviews ...
Purpose - Value chain in agriculture refers to direct and indirect activities related to value-added process from raw materials to final products in agricultural industries. In recent years, value chain analysis has become more important in the area of agricultural development. This article reviews the concept and importance of value chain analysis in the context of agricultural development and attempts to suggest improvement strategies. Research design, data, methodology - A literature survey was conducted for value chain analysis for agricultural development. The case of agro-value chain in Cambodia was deeply analyzed based upon interviews with government officers and related experts. Results - It seems that agro-value chain in developing countries are not well developed and does not carry out appropriate functions, compared to developed countries. Because value adding facilities, such as storage, processing and packing plants, milling plants, and etc. are not sufficiently constructed, the quality of agricultural products is low. Especially developing countries may loose opportunities to increase value of their product by exporting their agricultural products as raw materials to neighboring countries. Value adding process is also mainly controlled by traders in local markets or wholesale markets in urban areas. Farmers therefore can get lower share of final value of agricultural products compared to the shares paid to traders. Lastly it is argued that governments of developing countries do not play an active role in developing value chains and do not carry out coordinating functions in an effective and efficient manner. Conclusions - The first step to improve agro-value chain in developing countries is to identify and analyze value chain structure of agricultural products and to make development strategies and implementation programs. For improving value chain of agricultural products in developing countries, it is required to provide not only plans for constructing hardwares, such as wholesale markets, storage facilities, processing and packing plants, and etc., but also plans for improving softwares, such as measures for improving product quality and safety, setting up grade and standard, providing market information, and nurturing producer cooperatives.
Purpose - Value chain in agriculture refers to direct and indirect activities related to value-added process from raw materials to final products in agricultural industries. In recent years, value chain analysis has become more important in the area of agricultural development. This article reviews the concept and importance of value chain analysis in the context of agricultural development and attempts to suggest improvement strategies. Research design, data, methodology - A literature survey was conducted for value chain analysis for agricultural development. The case of agro-value chain in Cambodia was deeply analyzed based upon interviews with government officers and related experts. Results - It seems that agro-value chain in developing countries are not well developed and does not carry out appropriate functions, compared to developed countries. Because value adding facilities, such as storage, processing and packing plants, milling plants, and etc. are not sufficiently constructed, the quality of agricultural products is low. Especially developing countries may loose opportunities to increase value of their product by exporting their agricultural products as raw materials to neighboring countries. Value adding process is also mainly controlled by traders in local markets or wholesale markets in urban areas. Farmers therefore can get lower share of final value of agricultural products compared to the shares paid to traders. Lastly it is argued that governments of developing countries do not play an active role in developing value chains and do not carry out coordinating functions in an effective and efficient manner. Conclusions - The first step to improve agro-value chain in developing countries is to identify and analyze value chain structure of agricultural products and to make development strategies and implementation programs. For improving value chain of agricultural products in developing countries, it is required to provide not only plans for constructing hardwares, such as wholesale markets, storage facilities, processing and packing plants, and etc., but also plans for improving softwares, such as measures for improving product quality and safety, setting up grade and standard, providing market information, and nurturing producer cooperatives.
농산물 가치사슬 분석의 유용성은 (1) 농가나 농기업이 생산한 농산물이 어떻게 최종 소비자에 도달하는지, (2) 가치사슬에 참여하는 경제주체들의 구조와 경제적 이해관계는 어떤지, (3) 시간이 지남에 따라 가치사슬 구조가 어떻게 변하는지, (4) 농산물 가치사슬이 직면하고 있는 주요 장애요인들은 무엇인지, (5) 각 경제주체(특히 농가나 농기업)들이 가치사슬에서 얻는 부가가치가 얼마나 되고 이를 결정하는 요인들은 무엇인지 등을 파악하는데 있다. 즉 농가나 농기업들은 가치사슬 분석을 통하여 중장기적으로 수익성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 도출할 수 있으며, 농업경영성과를 높이는 전략을 수립할 수 있게 된다.
가치 사슬이란 무엇인가?
가치 사슬이란 원래 기업 활동에서 부가가치 창출에 직접 또는 간접적으로 관련된 일련의 활동 기능 프로세스의 연계를 의미한다(Porter, 1998). [Figure 1]에서와 같이, 농업에서의 가치사슬 이란 '농업경영활동에서 부가가치 생성과 관련된 직간접활동 과정'을 의미하며, 이러한 직간접활동은 주요활동과 지원활동으로 구분할 수 있다.
농업에서의 가치사슬 개념에서 주요 활동과 지원활동은 어떤 활동인가?
주요활동(Primary Activities)은 구매물류, 운영(operation), 판매, 물류, 마케팅, 서비스와 같이 기업의 핵심활동을 의미한다. 농업경영에서 주요활동은 종자·종구 구입, 생산, 선별ㆍ포장ㆍ저장, 운송, 마케팅 판매, 물류, 서비스, 사후관리 등과 같은 현장 업무활동을 포함한다.
지원(보조)활동(Support Activities)은 기업 활동 인프라와 같은 하부구조, 인적자원관리, 기술개발, 구매 등의 업무를 의미한다. 농업경영에서 지원활동은 생산 기반시설과 구매ㆍ기술개발ㆍ농가 교육 등 현장 활동을 지원하는 업무활동이다.
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