토지이용이 혼재되고 하수관거 시스템이 미흡한 유역의 강우유출 특성을 파악하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 팔당호 유역에서 토지 이용 및 하수관거 형태에 따른 강우 유출 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 팔당호 유역 7개 시·군에서 공공 하수관거 시스템 지역 48개소, 개인하수처리시설 지역 28개소에 대한 강우 유출수 모니터링을 실시하였다. 개인하수처리시설 지역의 토지 이용은 산림과 논의 비율이 높았으며 SS, TN, TP EMCs와 초기세척강도가 공공하수처리지역에 비해 높게 나타났다. 또한 초기 강우 차집 시스템을 설치하여 초기강우 유출수 43%를 처리할 경우 59%의 TP 유출부하량을 저감할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 개인하수처리시설이 설치된 지역에서 강우량 및 강우지속시간과 영양염류 유출 부하량은 양의 상관관계(R>0.6)를 나타내어 팔당호의 부영양화 문제를 관리하기 위해 개인하수처리지역에 대한 우선적 정책이 필요함을 알 수 있다.
토지이용이 혼재되고 하수관거 시스템이 미흡한 유역의 강우유출 특성을 파악하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 팔당호 유역에서 토지 이용 및 하수관거 형태에 따른 강우 유출 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 팔당호 유역 7개 시·군에서 공공 하수관거 시스템 지역 48개소, 개인하수처리시설 지역 28개소에 대한 강우 유출수 모니터링을 실시하였다. 개인하수처리시설 지역의 토지 이용은 산림과 논의 비율이 높았으며 SS, TN, TP EMCs와 초기세척강도가 공공하수처리지역에 비해 높게 나타났다. 또한 초기 강우 차집 시스템을 설치하여 초기강우 유출수 43%를 처리할 경우 59%의 TP 유출부하량을 저감할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 개인하수처리시설이 설치된 지역에서 강우량 및 강우지속시간과 영양염류 유출 부하량은 양의 상관관계(R>0.6)를 나타내어 팔당호의 부영양화 문제를 관리하기 위해 개인하수처리지역에 대한 우선적 정책이 필요함을 알 수 있다.
The characterization of stormwater runoff from mix land-use catchments with an inadequate sewer network is a challenge. This study focused on characterizing stormwater runoff from the Paldang watershed area based on land-use type and sewer system coverage. A total of 76 sites were monitored during w...
The characterization of stormwater runoff from mix land-use catchments with an inadequate sewer network is a challenge. This study focused on characterizing stormwater runoff from the Paldang watershed area based on land-use type and sewer system coverage. A total of 76 sites were monitored during wet weather from seven different counties within Paldang watershed. Public sewer system (PSS) was installed at 48 sites, while 28 sites had no or individual sewer system (ISS) coverage. The results indicated that the sites included in the ISS group with higher forest and paddy land-use percentage exhibit higher values of average event mean concentrations (EMCs) and first flush intensity for suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorous (TP). In addition, upgrading runoff interception system can capture 59 % of the TP load in the first 43% of runoff within these sites. Similarly, rainfall depth and storm duration showed a positive correlation (R > 0.6) with nutrient loads within ISS group sites, as compared to PSS group. Therefore, these sites are likely to contribute higher TP and TN loads during heavier storm events and should be selected as priority management areas to combat the problem of eutrophication in Paldang reservoir.
The characterization of stormwater runoff from mix land-use catchments with an inadequate sewer network is a challenge. This study focused on characterizing stormwater runoff from the Paldang watershed area based on land-use type and sewer system coverage. A total of 76 sites were monitored during wet weather from seven different counties within Paldang watershed. Public sewer system (PSS) was installed at 48 sites, while 28 sites had no or individual sewer system (ISS) coverage. The results indicated that the sites included in the ISS group with higher forest and paddy land-use percentage exhibit higher values of average event mean concentrations (EMCs) and first flush intensity for suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorous (TP). In addition, upgrading runoff interception system can capture 59 % of the TP load in the first 43% of runoff within these sites. Similarly, rainfall depth and storm duration showed a positive correlation (R > 0.6) with nutrient loads within ISS group sites, as compared to PSS group. Therefore, these sites are likely to contribute higher TP and TN loads during heavier storm events and should be selected as priority management areas to combat the problem of eutrophication in Paldang reservoir.
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문제 정의
The primary purpose of this study was to characterize the stormwater runoff according to land use type and sewer system facility in Paldang watershed. All sites were grouped into two groups; those connected to the public sewer system (referred as PSS group) and others with individual or no sewer system (referred as ISS group).
This study focused on characterizing stormwater runoff from the Paldang watershed area based on land-use type and sewer system coverage. In recent years the water quality degradation, especially eutrophication problem in Paldang reservoir is extensively reported.
The comparison of both groups was made in terms of event mean concentrations (EMCs), unit effluent load, first flush intensity and correlation with hydrological parameters and land use percentage. This study provides baseline information to identify priority management areas and role of a sewer system in order to combat non-point source pollution in Paldang reservoir.
제안 방법
, 2009). In this study stormwater runoff was monitored and characterized from seven different counties within Paldang watershed, according to land use and population density. Several moni- toring sites were selected within each county based on sewer system as some areas within each county is connected to the public sewer system while others have individual or no sewer system.
The antecedent dry days (ADD) were determined as the number of days following the cessation of measurable rain. In this study, minimum ADD were selected to be ≥2 and ranged between 2 to 12 days in both PSS and ISS group sites. Each site was monitored 5-6 times during wet weather and 12-15 grab samples were acquired during each event based on optimal sampling frequencies described by Leecaster et al.
Similarly EMCs and pollutant loads were also estimated from different sites occupying variable land use type per- centage to evaluate the stormwater runoff quantity and quality characteristics of the monitored events. EMC is appropriate for evaluating the effects of stormwater runoff on receiving waters and is often used as a single index to characterize concentrations.
All sites were grouped into two groups; those connected to the public sewer system (referred as PSS group) and others with individual or no sewer system (referred as ISS group). The comparison of both groups was made in terms of event mean concentrations (EMCs), unit effluent load, first flush intensity and correlation with hydrological parameters and land use percentage. This study provides baseline information to identify priority management areas and role of a sewer system in order to combat non-point source pollution in Paldang reservoir.
대상 데이터
Monitoring sites were selected evenly at 7 special countermeasure counties, according to land-use and population density. A total of 76 monitoring sites were selected within 7 counties in Paldang watershed (Figure 1). Geographic information system (GIS) was used to determine the land-use characteristics within each county (Gyeonggi-do Provincial Government, 2010).
The shortest acceptable sampling dura- tion for each event was based on the principle of sampling from the beginning of the runoff until it recovered to its original flow. Meteorological information for each rainfall event was obtained from the regional office of the National Weather Service in Korea. Rainfall data were also measured through an automated rainfall gauge.
use percentage is shown in table 1. The study area is classified into four different land use types including imper- vious cover, farm land, paddy field, and forest. The geomor- phological factors like slope and population density were also quantified.
데이터처리
The Pearson correlation analysis was carried out in order to determine the relationship of EMCs and pollutant loads with hydrological parameters as well as with land use percentages and geomorphological factors. The pollutant load showed relatively higher positive correlation with hydrological parameters in the ISS group as compared to PSS group.
Both EMCs and load values were then compared accor- ding to sites grouping. To analyze the impact of hydrological parameters and land use percentage on EMCs and pollutant loads, a Pearson’s correlation coefficient matrix (MS Excel, 2010) was adopted to perform a bivariate analysis of storm water quality parameters. Pearson correlation coefficient is a measure of the correlation between two variables, giving a value between +1 and -1 inclusive.
성능/효과
In terms of pollutant loads, 33 % of the initial flow at PSS group sites contain 40 % to 57 % of all pollutant loads whereas, 43 % of the initial flow at ISS group sites contain 46 % to 71 % of all pollutant loads. The results imply that intercepting the first 33 % and 43 % of runoff volume can remove 40 % to 57 % and 46 % to 71 % of all pol- lutant loads respectively within PSS and ISS group sites. In case of TP load, which is considered major pollutant causing eutrophication within Paldang reservoir, 59 % of load can be captured during first 43 % of storm runoff by upgrading runoff interception system.
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