Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Astaxanthin on Growth, Muscle Pigmentation and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)원문보기
Rahman, Md Mostafizur
(Department of Marine Bioscience and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
,
Khosravi, Sanaz
(Department of Marine Bioscience and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
,
Chang, Kyung Hoon
(CJ Food Ingredients Research and Developement Center, CJ CheilJedang)
,
Lee, Sang-Min
(Department of Marine Bioscience and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary astaxanthin levels on growth performance, feed utilization, muscle pigmentation, and antioxidant capacity in juvenile rainbow trout. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg astaxanthin (designed as AX0,...
This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary astaxanthin levels on growth performance, feed utilization, muscle pigmentation, and antioxidant capacity in juvenile rainbow trout. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg astaxanthin (designed as AX0, AX50, AX75, and AX100). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (18.5 g/fish) for 10 weeks. Growth performance and muscle composition of fish were not affected by dietary astaxanthin levels. Total carotenoid concentration in the muscle of fish fed the AX50 diet was higher than that of fish fed the AX0 diet, but no significant differences were observed between these fish and those fed the AX75 and AX100 diets. Muscle astaxanthin content increased with increased astaxanthin in the diet. Deposition of astaxanthin in the flesh resulted in a decrease in lightness and an increase in redness and yellowness. The fillets from trout fed the AX75 diet had significantly lower lightness than trout fed the AX50 and AX100 diets. Fish fed the AX50 and AX75 diets showed significantly lower catalase activity than those fed the control diet. Total antioxidant status increased significantly in all astaxanthin supplemented groups when compared to the control group. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in fish fed the AX50 diet compared to fish fed the AX0 diet. These findings suggest that while fillet pigmentation increased with increasing dietary astaxanthin concentration, indices of fish antioxidant capacity may not be affected in a dose dependent manner.
This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary astaxanthin levels on growth performance, feed utilization, muscle pigmentation, and antioxidant capacity in juvenile rainbow trout. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg astaxanthin (designed as AX0, AX50, AX75, and AX100). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (18.5 g/fish) for 10 weeks. Growth performance and muscle composition of fish were not affected by dietary astaxanthin levels. Total carotenoid concentration in the muscle of fish fed the AX50 diet was higher than that of fish fed the AX0 diet, but no significant differences were observed between these fish and those fed the AX75 and AX100 diets. Muscle astaxanthin content increased with increased astaxanthin in the diet. Deposition of astaxanthin in the flesh resulted in a decrease in lightness and an increase in redness and yellowness. The fillets from trout fed the AX75 diet had significantly lower lightness than trout fed the AX50 and AX100 diets. Fish fed the AX50 and AX75 diets showed significantly lower catalase activity than those fed the control diet. Total antioxidant status increased significantly in all astaxanthin supplemented groups when compared to the control group. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in fish fed the AX50 diet compared to fish fed the AX0 diet. These findings suggest that while fillet pigmentation increased with increasing dietary astaxanthin concentration, indices of fish antioxidant capacity may not be affected in a dose dependent manner.
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문제 정의
Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, there has not been a study that investigates the effects of different dietary levels of Carophyll pink™, as the major commercially available source of dietary astaxanthin, on the antioxidant status of these fish species in terms of plasma antioxidant enzymes and/ or plasma, and liver radical scavenging activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary levels of astaxanthin on the growth performance, feed utilization, muscle pigmentation, and antioxidant status of juvenile rainbow trout.
제안 방법
Data were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the effects of dietary astaxanthin on growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidant activity, and chemical composition of fish. When significant differences were found, Duncan's multiple range test (27) was used.
57 g) were randomly distributed into 15 rectangular tanks of 50 L capacity at a density of 10 fish per tank. Each experimental diet was fed to 3 replicate groups of fish to visual satiation twice per day (9:00 and 17:00) for 10 weeks. Uneaten feed and dead fish were removed and weighed every day.
Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets were formulated to contain 0% (AX0), 0.05% (AX50), 0.075% (AX75), and 0.1% (AX100) Carophyll pink™ (DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland) containing 10% astaxanthin.
The moisture content was determined with a drying oven (105℃ for 6 h), the crude protein content was determined using the auto Kjeldahl system (BÜCHI Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland), the crude lipid content was determined by the ether-extraction method, using a Soxhlet extractor (VELP Scientifica, Inc., Usmate, Italy), and the ash content was determined using a muffler furnace (600℃ for 4 h).
대상 데이터
Juvenile rainbow trout were transported from a local hatchery (Pyeongchang, Korea) to the Gangneung-Wonju National University (Gangneung, Korea). Experimental protocols followed the guidelines of the Animal Care and Use Committee of Gangneung-Wonju National University.
성능/효과
In conclusion, in addition to specifically improving pigmentation, dietary astaxanthin has, apparently, also improved the antioxidant status in juvenile rainbow trout. Based on the results of the present study, dietary inclusion of 50 mg/kg astaxanthin in rainbow trout diet was sufficient to impart the desirable flesh coloration necessary for consumer acceptance. Our results also suggest that 50 mg astaxanthin per kg feed may be enough to enhance the antioxidant capability of juvenile rainbow trout which may exert a number of beneficial effects on human health.
In conclusion, in addition to specifically improving pigmentation, dietary astaxanthin has, apparently, also improved the antioxidant status in juvenile rainbow trout. Based on the results of the present study, dietary inclusion of 50 mg/kg astaxanthin in rainbow trout diet was sufficient to impart the desirable flesh coloration necessary for consumer acceptance.
No significant differences were identified in survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, daily feed intake, daily protein intake, and protein efficiency ratio among the groups (P>0.05).
The results of plasma and liver radical scavenging activities are provided in Table 6. The results showed that dietary supplementation of astaxanthin in the diets of rainbow trout has no significant effects on plasma and hepatic radicals scavenging activities.
후속연구
This suggestion is further supported by the results of the current study where the TAS values, representing the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities, in all supplemented groups were significantly higher than that of the untreated control group. Further studies are required to clarify the exact underlying mechanism through which astaxanthin influences the antioxidant status of fish.
Nickell and Bromage (38) suggested that perhaps a longer supplementation period might be required to observe any positive effect of dietary astaxanthin on growth performance. Nevertheless, the effects of carotenoids on fish growth are still controversial and diverse, and further studies are needed to reveal the mechanisms behind their possible positive influence.
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