[국내논문]A Method to Identify How Librarians Adopt a Technology Innovation, CBAM(Concern Based Adoption Model): Focusing on School Librarians' Concern about Digital Textbooks원문보기
As new technologies change a society, librarians need to understand and adapt to technology innovations. However, most innovations that librarians are supposed to adopt are government-driven or top-down changes; and there have been very few studies conducted to identify any patterns or consistencies...
As new technologies change a society, librarians need to understand and adapt to technology innovations. However, most innovations that librarians are supposed to adopt are government-driven or top-down changes; and there have been very few studies conducted to identify any patterns or consistencies in librarians' perceptions of innovation. This paper, therefore, has two research purposes. First, it introduces the Concern Based Adoption Model (CBAM) as one method to gain a deeper understanding of how librarians see such changes. Second, this study identifies school librarians' concerns regarding digital textbooks in South Korea applying the CBAM theory. The test signifies that school librarians present a typical non-user profile, and the pattern anticipates a potential resistance to digital textbooks. Also, it discovers the less experienced and innovator librarians had higher concerns across every stage. The findings underscore a need of various interventions. The CBAM theory suggests, in terms of intense Stage 0 and 1, it is required for school librarians to have events to gain information about digital textbook implementation. Regarding targeted interventions, since the biggest gaps occurs in Stage 4, Consequence and Stage 5, Collaboration, according to school librarians' experience and adoption style, new school librarians need stronger engagement with the community, which including associations, mentors or peer support, and collaborating with public libraries; innovator school librarians require opportunities to test and present their use of digital textbooks (Hall and Hord 1987).
As new technologies change a society, librarians need to understand and adapt to technology innovations. However, most innovations that librarians are supposed to adopt are government-driven or top-down changes; and there have been very few studies conducted to identify any patterns or consistencies in librarians' perceptions of innovation. This paper, therefore, has two research purposes. First, it introduces the Concern Based Adoption Model (CBAM) as one method to gain a deeper understanding of how librarians see such changes. Second, this study identifies school librarians' concerns regarding digital textbooks in South Korea applying the CBAM theory. The test signifies that school librarians present a typical non-user profile, and the pattern anticipates a potential resistance to digital textbooks. Also, it discovers the less experienced and innovator librarians had higher concerns across every stage. The findings underscore a need of various interventions. The CBAM theory suggests, in terms of intense Stage 0 and 1, it is required for school librarians to have events to gain information about digital textbook implementation. Regarding targeted interventions, since the biggest gaps occurs in Stage 4, Consequence and Stage 5, Collaboration, according to school librarians' experience and adoption style, new school librarians need stronger engagement with the community, which including associations, mentors or peer support, and collaborating with public libraries; innovator school librarians require opportunities to test and present their use of digital textbooks (Hall and Hord 1987).
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문제 정의
The researcher believes that these interventions can be very constructive for school administrators and policy makers to formulate new professional development programs or polices for school librarians.
However, most innovations that librarians are expected to adopt are government sponsored and technical support is thin. This paper has introduced CBAM as one method to gain a deeper understanding of how librarians see such change, and, as one example of CBAM at work, it shows the stages of concern about the digital textbook initiative for school librarians and how to support its implementation.
This study can be meaningful to the real world. The results of the study helps school librarians gain a deeper understanding of both digital textbooks and how their colleagues perceive them. It shows the events to distribute to information are imperative.
The result of this study, in particular, incident intervention, suggests various improvements to reduce the very real (and realistic) concerns of school librarians for them: offering new avenues for exchanging information about digital textbooks; and, providing tailor-made training programs. The findings from the study also provides school administrators with timely information about personalized professional development for schools. By understanding the stages of concern, school administrators can provide appropriate human resources.
제안 방법
The author employed the Stages of Concern Questionnaire (SoCQ), which is part of an innovation adoption model, the CBAM, to reveal the relationship between librarian concerns and TLC training, TLC’s use, the presence of district library leadership, and the type of internet connection.
These two methods, integral parts of CBAM, provide a clear picture of each individual’s feelings as well as his or her actions. After constantly updating their results, researchers proposed a comprehensive model to embrace the complicated processes of changes by suggesting Innovation Configurations (IC).
This research leverages the advantages of survey design by employing the Stages of Concern Questionnaire (SoCQ) to identify school librarians’ stages of concerns.
To select the participants for the survey, the researcher applied availability sampling, sometimes known as convenience sampling. The researcher created the survey via Qualtrics, which provided the researcher with a user-friendly interface for setting up the survey for participants to access via various devices, including computers and mobile phones.
The Excel file was protected, with the password known only to the researcher. The researcher screened to find outliers and missing values. For statistical analysis, the raw data were entered in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21.
For library professionals, this study can be significant because it is the first opportunity to share other librarians’ stages of concern regarding an innovation in Korea. Above all, the methodology of this study informs researchers about new theories and research tools by incorporating the CBAM theory and the Stages of Concern Questionnaire into the library field. The author hopes that further ideas are applied for future studies based on the foregoing method and results.
대상 데이터
Because of its value in helping to explain patterns of concerns and attitudes, the SoCQ is widely used. It consists of 35 items, using a seven point Likert scale.
The remaining emails were distributed twice during the survey on November 19th and December 2nd. During this month, the survey was opened 769 times: 291 participants started the survey, while 259 of them actually completed it.
이론/모형
Hitherto, researchers know only that librarians keep introducing new technologies while continuing to use current ones. This study, however, applies the Concerns Based Adoption Model (CBAM), a theory that identifies how people adopt an innovation and how they transit from old to new technologies to librarians, explaining what the CBAM model is, how it works, and provides an example of how to apply it to digital textbooks. Therefore, the purpose of this study is 1) to introduce a new theory to test librarians’ concern; and 2) to implement the theory discerning school librarians’ concerns and perspectives respecting a hands-on innovation, digital textbooks in South Korea.
성능/효과
The author employed the Stages of Concern Questionnaire (SoCQ), which is part of an innovation adoption model, the CBAM, to reveal the relationship between librarian concerns and TLC training, TLC’s use, the presence of district library leadership, and the type of internet connection. The results of the study confirmed that all dependent variables, except leadership, influence librarian concerns.
후속연구
In order to solve private education problems and strengthen the competitiveness of schools, the plan to develop digital textbook systems included six phases occurring between 2007 and 2011. The implementation was expected to create a learner-centered environment, extend an overseas market, and reduce the learning and digital gap in hopes of raising achievement among a neglected class of students. Since then, the Korean government has been developing digital textbooks that combine various ubiquitous technologies (Lee et al.
Above all, the methodology of this study informs researchers about new theories and research tools by incorporating the CBAM theory and the Stages of Concern Questionnaire into the library field. The author hopes that further ideas are applied for future studies based on the foregoing method and results.
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