[논문]Vowel length difference before voiced/voiceless consonants in English and Korean

Moon, Seung-Jae

doi:10.13064/ksss.2017.9.4.035

Vowel length difference before voiced/voiceless consonants in English and Korean 원문보기

말소리와 음성과학 = Phonetics and speech sciences, v.9 no.4, 2017년, pp.35 - 41

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The existence and the extent of vowel length difference before voiced/voiceless consonants in English and Korean are examined in three groups: (1) Korean-speaking Americans (group A), (2) immigrants who moved to the U.S. in their early teens (group I), and (3) Koreans who have been in the U.S. for less than 3 years (group K). 14 subjects were recorded reading 10 English and 10 Korean sentences. The results show that the three groups exhibit different patterns of the vowel length difference: Group A shows a very strong tendency of vowel lengthening before voiced consonants in both English and Korean, while Group I shows less degree of vowel lengthening, and Group K shows almost no tendency of vowel length difference in both languages. This strongly suggests that, (1) unlike English, Korean does not have the vowel length difference depending on the following consonants, and (2) the vowel lengthening effect observed in Korean (L2) speech in group A may be the result of transfer of the phonetic trait acquired in English (L1). It also implies that, in teaching pronunciation, some facts such as the vowel length difference cannot be expected to be acquired automatically for the learners of English, but have to be taught explicitly.

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가설 설정

(1) Does the VLD exist in Korean?
(2) Is the trait of the VLD transferred? In other words, will the native speakers of English, with the strong VLD in their mother-tongue, show more prominent VLD when they speak Korean than native Koreans do?
1. First Question: Does the VLD exist in Korean?
Is the trait of VLD transferred? The results seem to suggest that, indeed, yes, it is transferred from English to Korean, and from Korean to English as well. From the perspective of VLD, it seems group A does transfer the VLD from English to Korean.
2. Second Question: Is the VLD transferred?

제안 방법

Since our interest is in finding out whether VLD exists in each language, the results from two language sets were separately analyzed with analysis of variance as the VLD (expressed as “before voiced–before voiceless” value) as a dependent variable.
To attempt to answer these questions, a production experiment was conducted in which subjects record English and Korean sentences.
With Chen (1970) being the only literature which claims the existence of VLD in Korean, but without any plausible explanation for the phenomenon, this study started with verifying whether Chen (1970)’s finding is replicable by investigating native Korean subjects.

대상 데이터

The current study has five native Korean subjects, and all the words were randomized and embedded in natural and meaningful sentences. Considering these experimental designs and statistical analyses, it can be assumed that the current study has more accurate picture of Korean language as far as the VLD is concerned.
The first group consisted of five Americans (aged 12, 14, 16, 29, and one in her forties, hereafter referred as group A).
The second group consisted of four Americans (hereafter referred as group I) all in their twenties.

데이터처리

Since the variance homogeneity was not achieved (with Levene statistics 5.833, p=.019), Welch’s ANOVA was carried out instead of standard ANOVA.
As we have seen the big picture in which group A is different from group K in the VLD, the next legitimate question may be: is there any noticeable patterns of VLD in each group, not across the groups? Is the detailed analysis going to reveal more fine-resolution pictures? To answer this question, t-test of each word pair for each group was conducted.

이론/모형

The recordings were digitized into separate files according to subjects and sets at 22,050 Hz sampling frequency using a speech analysis program Praat (Boersma & Weenink, 2015).

참고문헌 (21)

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Chen, M. (1970). Vowel length variation as a function of the voicing of the consonant environment. Phonetica, 22(3), 129-159.

상세보기
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상세보기
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상세보기
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상세보기
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Vowel length difference before voiced/voiceless consonants in English and Korean 원문보기

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Vowel length difference before voiced/voiceless consonants in English and Korean 원문보기

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