[논문]The Effects of Sitting Posture on Cervical Flexion Angle and Pain during Smart Phone Use in Young Adults

Chun, Hye-Lim; Kim, Kyung-Hun; Choi, Bo-Ram

doi:10.26862/jkpts.2017.12.24.3.55

The Effects of Sitting Posture on Cervical Flexion Angle and Pain during Smart Phone Use in Young Adults 원문보기

대한물리치료과학회지 = Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science, v.24 no.3, 2017년, pp.56 - 63

Chun, Hye-Lim (Dept. of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Sahmyook University) , Kim, Kyung-Hun (Dept. of Physical Therapy, Gimcheon University) , Choi, Bo-Ram (Dept. of Physical Therapy, Silla University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of sitting posture on cervical flexion angle and pain during smart phone use. Method: This research was performed on 10 adult female students who use smart phones regularly, Each of the two groups of participants used the provided smart phone for 20 minutes while maintaining the given default posture. The evaluation order was randomly selected and the two groups were photographed twice before and after the experiment and were asked to answer if they felt pain during or after the experiment. Result: First, both upright sitting position and vertebra bent position pre and post experiment readings showed significant statistical difference (p<.05). And it is shown to be a factor that induces pain around the neck via increase in neck flexion angle. Second, although there were no significant statistical difference between the pre and post experiment readings of the upright sitting position results and the vertebra bent position results, the vertebra bent position readings showed bigger changes to the neck flexion angle then the upright sitting position readings. Third, all participants from both groups claimed pain in all the tested postures of smart phone usage. Conclusion: Smart phone usage for an extended amount of time in all body postures may prove to have a negative effect making the "optimal" smart phone usage position as a controlled time with neck stretches included in between short sessions.

주제어

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문제 정의

This research studies the curvature of the neck flexion angle during smart phone usage while sitting down, and the effects this has on the pain they feel.
This research was conducted in order to study the effect neck flexion angle have on neck pain in accordance to different postures based on 10 adult female students attending G college in Gim Cheon of Kyong Book province.

제안 방법

In order to calculate the neck flexion angle of the participants more efficiently, each participants were attached with stickers on their C7 and their mastoid process.
In order to calculate the natural change in position, no external stimulation was applied what so ever during the time the participants were using the provided smart phone. The assessment order was chosen at random, both group was filmed twice before and after the experiment, and was asked to reply if they felt any pain during or after the experiment.
(Veiersted and Westgaard et al., 1993) This research calculated the neck flexion angle using the horizontal line including the C7 point as the focal point, and measuring the angle between the prolongation of the C7 point and mastoid process and the previously mentioned line was measured. As a result, with the angle calculated, larger the angle the curvature of the neck flexion angle decreased, and smaller the angle the curvature of the neck flexion angle increased.
This research was conducted in order to study the effects neck flexion angle has on neck pain when using smart phone for 20 minutes in sitting upright and vertebra bent positions.

대상 데이터

For this research, an LG G Pro II was used with the size of 157.9, and the weight of 172g. Participants were asked to use this smart phone for 20 minutes in the posture requested by the experiment conductor.
This research was performed on 10 adult female students who use smart phones regularly, and attends the G-college in Gimcheon in the province of Gyung-book.

데이터처리

The participant’s general characteristic was processed by descriptive statistic, and in order to test for normality, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov was conducted to check the normality distribution. In comparing the pre and post experiment angle of neck flexion, each group was processed through the maneuver paired t-test, and in order to compare between the before and after the experiment neck flexion angle, the difference between before and after neck flexion angle was calculated and processed through an independent t-test for each group. All statistical significance level, “ ” was set to 0.
The statistics of this research was processed using the program PASW Ver. 18 for window, calculating the mean and standard deviation of each factor’s readings.

성능/효과

After processing the difference between pre and post experiment readings through the matching sample t-assessment between the 2 groups, sitting upright posture showed smaller results of 8.04 ± 4.97 then the 16.46 ± 7.28 of the vertebra bent group but there were no significant statistical difference in mean between the 2 groups (Table 3).
First, both upright sitting position and vertebra bent position pre and post experiment readings showed significant statistical difference (p<.05), which is shown to be a factor that induces pain around the neck via increase in neck flexion angle.
Second, although there were no significant statistical difference between the pre and post experiment readings of the upright sitting position results and the vertebra bent position results, the vertebra bent position readings showed bigger changes to the neck flexion angle then the upright sitting position readings.
However, while it could be implied that since there were no significant differences to the statistical results, of before and after experiment readings, when comparing just the changes in reading. The results of the vertebra bent position showed bigger changes to the angle than the upright position results, showing higher danger potential for pain and damage to the neck and its surrounding structures by increase in neck flexion angle.
As a result, with the angle calculated, larger the angle the curvature of the neck flexion angle decreased, and smaller the angle the curvature of the neck flexion angle increased. Therefore, this research showed similar results as formal researches, confirming that usage of small visual devices such as smart phones induce neck flexure of the neck bone as a result.
Third, all participants from both groups claimed pain in all the tested postures of smart phone usage.
This research analyzes the difference in neck flexion angle during smart phone usage, and concluded that in upright sitting position, the difference was 8.04 ± 4.97, and in vertebra bent position, the difference was 16.46 ± 7.28 with both groups showing significant decreases to their neck flexion angle.
Especially with the measurement methods used for this research, decrease in neck flexion angle points toward the increase of neck flexion, stating in both sitting upright position and vertebra bent position, an increase in curvature of the neck is inevitable. With these results, it could be concluded that whether used in upright position, or in vertebra bent position, smart phone usage is a factor in causing pain and damage to the neck and its surrounding structures. However, while it could be implied that since there were no significant differences to the statistical results, of before and after experiment readings, when comparing just the changes in reading.

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