Park, Hyeon-Suk
(Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University)
,
Oh, Sang-Hyon
(Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University)
Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of farrowing month (FM), parity and sex on the growth performance of Berkshire swine raised in alternative production systems. Methods: A total of 40 farrowing records from 27 sows and 1,258 body weight (BW) records from 27...
Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of farrowing month (FM), parity and sex on the growth performance of Berkshire swine raised in alternative production systems. Methods: A total of 40 farrowing records from 27 sows and 1,258 body weight (BW) records from 274 piglets collected over a two-year period were used for the analysis. The BWs were recorded at birth, weaning (28 d), 56, 84, 112, and 140 days. Any BW not recorded on schedule was recalculated to conform the days of age among corresponding BW records, using growth curves drawn with polynomial functions whose power was determined by the number of existing observations for each individual. Results: The mean parity (${\pm}$standard deviation) of the sows was $3.42{\pm}2.14$. The sows that farrowed in June had the lowest number of total born with an average of $6.25{\pm}2.22$ piglets per sow. However, the lowest average number of piglets weaned at day 28 was found in sows that farrowed in May, as well as the highest number recorded for the stillborn piglets with an average of 2.67 piglets per sow. Moreover, the smallest increase in weight from birth to weaning occurred in piglets that were farrowed in May, which also corresponds with the average daily gain (ADG) of 0.29 kg and the last recorded weight measurement on day 140 of $41.69{\pm}1.45kg$. Contrastingly, the highest growth rate was found among pigs farrowed in June, with the largest increase in weight of 7.55 kg from birth to weaning, the highest ADG of 0.51 kg from birth to 140 day of age and the highest BW of $74.70{\pm}1.86kg$ recorded on day 140. Conclusion: Pigs farrowed in June also had the least number of piglets that died between birth and weaning. The zone of thermal comfort found in sows reared in indoor confinement systems did not improve the reproductive performance of the sows reared in an outdoor, alternative production system, while the growth performance of the piglets was improved when the ambient temperature was consistently hot or consistently cold.
Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of farrowing month (FM), parity and sex on the growth performance of Berkshire swine raised in alternative production systems. Methods: A total of 40 farrowing records from 27 sows and 1,258 body weight (BW) records from 274 piglets collected over a two-year period were used for the analysis. The BWs were recorded at birth, weaning (28 d), 56, 84, 112, and 140 days. Any BW not recorded on schedule was recalculated to conform the days of age among corresponding BW records, using growth curves drawn with polynomial functions whose power was determined by the number of existing observations for each individual. Results: The mean parity (${\pm}$standard deviation) of the sows was $3.42{\pm}2.14$. The sows that farrowed in June had the lowest number of total born with an average of $6.25{\pm}2.22$ piglets per sow. However, the lowest average number of piglets weaned at day 28 was found in sows that farrowed in May, as well as the highest number recorded for the stillborn piglets with an average of 2.67 piglets per sow. Moreover, the smallest increase in weight from birth to weaning occurred in piglets that were farrowed in May, which also corresponds with the average daily gain (ADG) of 0.29 kg and the last recorded weight measurement on day 140 of $41.69{\pm}1.45kg$. Contrastingly, the highest growth rate was found among pigs farrowed in June, with the largest increase in weight of 7.55 kg from birth to weaning, the highest ADG of 0.51 kg from birth to 140 day of age and the highest BW of $74.70{\pm}1.86kg$ recorded on day 140. Conclusion: Pigs farrowed in June also had the least number of piglets that died between birth and weaning. The zone of thermal comfort found in sows reared in indoor confinement systems did not improve the reproductive performance of the sows reared in an outdoor, alternative production system, while the growth performance of the piglets was improved when the ambient temperature was consistently hot or consistently cold.
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문제 정의
Because making alternative swine production more marketable to an upscale audience is important [8], the objective of this study was to investigate the factors, such as the farrowing month (FM), parity and sex, affecting growth performance of Berkshire breed raised in alternative production systems. This research will help determine the sustainability of outdoor pork production systems utilizing a systems-based research approach.
Because making alternative swine production more marketable to an upscale audience is important [8], the objective of this study was to investigate the factors, such as the farrowing month (FM), parity and sex, affecting growth performance of Berkshire breed raised in alternative production systems. This research will help determine the sustainability of outdoor pork production systems utilizing a systems-based research approach.
제안 방법
Polynomial functions were used to estimate BW on days 0, 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140. Existing BW records were plotted and the growth curve was fitted to the points using polynomial functions whose power was determined by the number of existing observations for each individual. Then, the fitted growth curve was used to estimate BW for those whose body weighing schedules were advanced or postponed to conform weight age among individuals.
대상 데이터
A total of 274 pigs from 27 sows were used for the study. The BWs were measured at birth and every 4 weeks until 20 weeks of age.
The experiments were conducted at the North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University (NC A&T SU) farm, which is located in Greensboro, North Carolina (latitude 36° 4′ 16.63″ longitude -79° 43′ 33.02″).
성능/효과
Contrastingly, the largest growth was found among pigs farrowed in June, with the largest increase in weight of 7.55 kg from birth to weaning, the highest ADG of 0.51 kg from birth to 140 DOA and the highest BW of 74.70±1.86 kg recorded on day 140 (Table 3).
후속연구
Taking into account both the reproductive performance of the sows and the growth performance of the piglets affected by FM, pigs farrowed in June result in the best productivity, and therefore in best profit. Further investigation is needed with larger sample size to confirm the effects of FM on the reproductive performance of the sows and the growth performance of the piglets.
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