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목재공학 = Journal of the Korean wood science and technology, v.45 no.5, 2017년, pp.483 - 494
본 총설에서는 목재의 기상열화 특성(색상, 목재표면의 미세구조 및 화학적 변화)과 국제적으로 다양하게 이용되는 내후성시험방법에 관한 국제적 연구동향에 대하여 보고한다.
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This was reviewed on the characteristics (changes of color, microscopic structures, and chemical degradations) that appears on wood surface, when wood is exposed to outdoors and weathering testing methods applicable for assessment of wood weatherability in outside environment through literature revi...
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| 핵심어 | 질문 | 논문에서 추출한 답변 |
|---|---|---|
| 기상열화가 발생한 목재가 구조용으로 사용 시 큰 문제가 되지 않는 이유는 무엇인가? | , 2004). 기상열화가 발생한 목재에 주로 나타나는 열화증후가 주로 표층에 국한되어 수 mm 깊이의 목재 내부는 기본적으로 건전한 재질을 나타내는 경우가 많아 구조용 목재에서는 큰 문제가 되지 않는 것으로 알려져 있다(Feist, 1982). 그러나 국내에서 주로 사용되는 옥외용 목재시설이나 목조주택의 경우에 사람과의 접촉이 많은 환경에 위치해 있음으로써 외관상 재료가 불량해 보이는 단점이 있고, 특히 시설물의 유지관리의 빈도가 높아지고 그로 인한 보수비용이 많이 소요되는 문제점이 있다. | |
| 목조주택 착공동수 변화는 어떠한가? | 산림청은 『탄소흡수원 유지 및 증진에 관한 법률』 제27조 및 동법 시행령 제24조 기반의 『사회공헌형 산림탄소 상쇄 운영표준』을 제정 고시(산림청 고시 제2013-37호)하고, 목제품 이용을 산림탄소상쇄 사업유형으로 제시하는 등 향후 목재 사용은 친환경 활동으로서 더욱 권장하게 될 것으로 예측되고 있다. 또한 2016년 국토부 자료에 의하면 목조주택 착공동수는 2015년 대비 12% 상승해 최근 8년간 가장 높은 성장률을 보였다고 보고하고 있다(The Korea wood newspaper, 2017). 그러나 실제로 목재는 천연소재로서 외부환경 중 특히 햇빛, 바람, 강우, 환경오염물질 등 기상에 그대로 노출되었을 때 색상의 변화, 표면손상이나 거칠음, 크고 작은 할열 발생 등 기상열화 또는 풍화(weathering)라고 불리는 열화가 발생하는 특징을 지니고 있다(Kim et al. | |
| 목재의 기상열화에 의한 색상 변화는 어떻게 일어나는가? | 목재의 기상열화에 의한 화학적 변화는 FTIR과 같은 분석방법이 많이 사용되며, 주로 리그닌의 이중결합, 페놀기나 카보닐기, Quinomethides alc biphenylrl 등에 흡수된 빛에너지에 의해 발생한 자유라디칼이 산소와 반응하여 열화가 유도된다. 광분해로 인해 quinoides, aromatic chromophores 등과 같은 물질이 생성되면서 색상변화가 시작되고 올리고머형의 리그닌과 함께 기상열화 초기에는 노랑과 갈색, 그리고 나중에는 회색으로 변화하는 특성을 나타낸다. |
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