The spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of Lentinula edodes that was derived from sawdust bag cultivation was used as materials for controlling Phytophthora blight disease of pepper. Water extract from SMS (WESMS) of L. edodes inhibited mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici, suppressed Phytophthora bli...
The spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of Lentinula edodes that was derived from sawdust bag cultivation was used as materials for controlling Phytophthora blight disease of pepper. Water extract from SMS (WESMS) of L. edodes inhibited mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici, suppressed Phytophthora blight disease of pepper seedlings by 65% and promoted growth of the plant over 30%. In high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, oxalic acid was detected as the main organic acid compound in WESMS and inhibited the fungal mycelium at a minimum concentration of 200 mg/l. In quantitative real-time PCR, the transcriptional expression of CaBPR1 (PR protein 1), CaBGLU (${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase), CaPR-4 (PR protein 4), and CaPR-10 (PR protein 10) were significantly enhanced on WESMS and DL-${\beta}$-aminobutyric acid (BABA) treated pepper leaves. In addition, the salicylic acid content was also increased 4 to 6 folds in the WESMS and BABA treated pepper leaves compared to water treated leaf sample. These findings suggest that WESMS of L. edodes suppress Phytophthora blight disease of pepper through multiple effects including antifungal activity, plant growth promotion, and defense gene induction.
The spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of Lentinula edodes that was derived from sawdust bag cultivation was used as materials for controlling Phytophthora blight disease of pepper. Water extract from SMS (WESMS) of L. edodes inhibited mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici, suppressed Phytophthora blight disease of pepper seedlings by 65% and promoted growth of the plant over 30%. In high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, oxalic acid was detected as the main organic acid compound in WESMS and inhibited the fungal mycelium at a minimum concentration of 200 mg/l. In quantitative real-time PCR, the transcriptional expression of CaBPR1 (PR protein 1), CaBGLU (${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase), CaPR-4 (PR protein 4), and CaPR-10 (PR protein 10) were significantly enhanced on WESMS and DL-${\beta}$-aminobutyric acid (BABA) treated pepper leaves. In addition, the salicylic acid content was also increased 4 to 6 folds in the WESMS and BABA treated pepper leaves compared to water treated leaf sample. These findings suggest that WESMS of L. edodes suppress Phytophthora blight disease of pepper through multiple effects including antifungal activity, plant growth promotion, and defense gene induction.
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제안 방법
In order to investigate whether the protective effect of L. edodes against Phytophthora blight disease of pepper, pepper seedlings were treated with WESMS. The water and BABA was treated as negative and positive controls.
In this study, we investigated the protective effect of water extract from SMS (WESMS) of L. edodes against Phytophthora blight disease of pepper and identified the potential antifungal compound in the extract composition. Furthermore, we examined the plant’s defense response on resistance gene expression of pepper when treated with water extract of SMS.
L. edodes WESMS, DL-β-amino butyric acid (BABA, positive control) and sterile distilled water (negative control) was treated on pepper roots and leaves and different hours (0, 48, 96, and 120 h) were given after the treatment.
The experiment was done to qualify expression induction of defense genes on pepper treated with WESMS. Prim ers targeting defense genes in pepper used in RT-PCR and qRT-PCR were listed in Table 1 (Sang et al.
, 1999), reflecting the induction of SA accumulation by WESMS treatment. To estimate whether the WESMS-treated pepper could be correlated with an accumulation of SA, the content of total SA in pepper leaves was determined using a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer. Increased SA levels of 4- to 6-fold were found in the leaves 96 h after treatment with WESMS and BABA, in comparison to that with water (Table 3).
대상 데이터
KACC40180 was obtained from Korea Agricultural Culture Collection in National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea. The effect of WESMS on the mycelial growth of P.
(1996). Nine plants were used for each treatment with three replicates.
SMS of L. edodes (variety, Chamarang) were obtained from the Mushroom Research Institute (Gwangju, Gyeonggi Province, Korea). The liquid spawn (10 ml) of the shiitake mushroom was inoculated in bags containing 1.
The residues were resuspended in a mixture of 100 μl of 5% trichloroacetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) and 1 ml of 99.8% methanol (w/v).
이론/모형
After incubation in greenhouse at 24℃ for 5 days, disease symptoms were evaluated based on a 0–5 scale where, 0= no visible disease symptoms; 1 = slightly wilted leaves with brownish lesions beginning to appear on the stems;2 = 30–50% of plant diseased; 3 = 51–70% of plant diseased; 4 = 71–90% of plant diseased; and 5 = dead plant. The disease severity was calculated using the formula of Sunwoo et al. (1996). Nine plants were used for each treatment with three replicates.
성능/효과
After incubation in greenhouse at 24℃ for 5 days, disease symptoms were evaluated based on a 0–5 scale where, 0= no visible disease symptoms; 1 = slightly wilted leaves with brownish lesions beginning to appear on the stems;2 = 30–50% of plant diseased; 3 = 51–70% of plant diseased; 4 = 71–90% of plant diseased; and 5 = dead plant.
, 2009), which are responsible for the ISR defense mechanism of plant resistance. In this study, it was also observed that WESMS treatment elicited an upregulation of transcriptional expression of CaPR4 and CaPR10, to a level greater than about 10 times that recorded when treated with water (Fig. 6).
Overall, this study showed that L. edodes WESMS is effective for suppressing the Phytophthora blight disease of pepper. The protective effect in WESMS treated pepper might be associated with multiple functions including antifungal activity, defense gene induction, and plant growth promotion.
후속연구
Hence, it was reasonably assumed the elicitor can be released from mycelial residues in the SMS on heat-treated extraction steps. However, the components of the elicitor that act in the defense mechanisms of WESMS should be identified from the WESMS of L. edodes in further investigations.
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