Background: To investigate the possibility of using Asarum sieboldii as an environment-friendly fumigant for protecting organic cultural heritages, the inhibitory effect of A. sieboldii extract against wood rot fungi on Hanji was examined. Methods and Results: The physical, optical, and morphologica...
Background: To investigate the possibility of using Asarum sieboldii as an environment-friendly fumigant for protecting organic cultural heritages, the inhibitory effect of A. sieboldii extract against wood rot fungi on Hanji was examined. Methods and Results: The physical, optical, and morphological properties of Hanji inoculated with Trametes versicolor and Tyromyces palustris, and exposed to the n-hexane fraction of A. sieboldii extract, were measured. The physical properties were expressed as weight loss, zero-span tensile strength and viscosity and the optical properties were depicted by luminance and chromaticity ($L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$). The results showed that, the n-hexane fraction of A. sieboldii extract inhibited the growth of fungi on Hanji, and preserved its condition. At a concentration of 25 mg, the n-hexane fraction of A. sieboldii extract maintained zero-span tensile strength, increased viscosity, and restricted discoloration of Hanji. It also was confirmed that the weight of fungi infested Hanji exposed to the extract did not decrease. Scanning electron microscopic images revealed that the spores and hyphae of T. versicolor and T. palustris were not present on Hanji during treatment with > 25 mg of the n-hexane fraction of A. sieboldii extract. Conclusions: These results indicate that the n-hexane fraction of A. sieboldii extract by virtue of its antifungal effectiveness may help in preserving Korean paper cultural heritages, including Hanji.
Background: To investigate the possibility of using Asarum sieboldii as an environment-friendly fumigant for protecting organic cultural heritages, the inhibitory effect of A. sieboldii extract against wood rot fungi on Hanji was examined. Methods and Results: The physical, optical, and morphological properties of Hanji inoculated with Trametes versicolor and Tyromyces palustris, and exposed to the n-hexane fraction of A. sieboldii extract, were measured. The physical properties were expressed as weight loss, zero-span tensile strength and viscosity and the optical properties were depicted by luminance and chromaticity ($L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$). The results showed that, the n-hexane fraction of A. sieboldii extract inhibited the growth of fungi on Hanji, and preserved its condition. At a concentration of 25 mg, the n-hexane fraction of A. sieboldii extract maintained zero-span tensile strength, increased viscosity, and restricted discoloration of Hanji. It also was confirmed that the weight of fungi infested Hanji exposed to the extract did not decrease. Scanning electron microscopic images revealed that the spores and hyphae of T. versicolor and T. palustris were not present on Hanji during treatment with > 25 mg of the n-hexane fraction of A. sieboldii extract. Conclusions: These results indicate that the n-hexane fraction of A. sieboldii extract by virtue of its antifungal effectiveness may help in preserving Korean paper cultural heritages, including Hanji.
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문제 정의
The aim of this study was to examine the potential inhibitory effects of A. sieboldii extract against biodeteriogens to preserve paper artifacts. In addition, we investigated the physical and optical characteristics and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of Hanji exposed to A.
제안 방법
To investigate the antifungal effectiveness of different concentration (0 - 40 ㎎) of A. sieboldii extract (ASE) treated to the Hanji samples, 0.1, 0.5 and 0.8 g·㎖−1 of the n-hexane fraction (HXF) dissolved in ethanol were prepared and n-hexane fractions of 50 ㎕ were absorbed in paper disc.
데이터처리
These parameters allowed us to evaluate the degradation state of the Hanji. The statistical analysis on physical properties test was obtained by One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using excel software (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA). p < 0.
이론/모형
To measure the optical properties of the paper, Hanji samples were re-conditioned to 23℃ of air temperature and 50% of relative humidity for 24 hours. The optical properties were measured using a spectrophotometer (ELREPHO, Lorentzen and Wettre, Kista, Sweden) based on ISO standard methods 5631 and 2470.
This allowed us to indirectly estimate the degree of degradation of each paper sample-associated with their durability. The viscosity of paper estimated a popular method based on TAPPI standard method T230. However, the molecular weight of bast fiber of paper mulberry is the major resource of Hanji is significantly higher than that of wood fiber.
성능/효과
In conclusion, the possibility of ASE as effective antifungal agent for Hanji is confirmed. This study suggests that ASE can be the potential as natural biocide for paper cultural heritages mostly Hanji
versicolor. The type B Hanji samples had a slight damage by T. versicolor and T. palustris with 5.33% and 4.09% weight loss, respectively. It was considered that different of weight loss between A and B type Hanji was due to difference of cooking chemicals or in manufacturing method of artisan.
To evaluate the physical and optical changes, weight loss, zero-span tensile strength [TAPPI (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry) Method T 231], viscosity degree of cellulose (TAPPI Method T230 om-99 and T254) and luminance and chromaticity (lightness, redness, yellowness) (ISO 5631) were measured. These parameters allowed us to evaluate the degradation state of the Hanji.
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