Use of ketamine and propofol combination (so-called Ketofol) anesthesiain a fixed ratio (1:1 mg/ml) was reported in dogs. The use of ketofol reduced cardiovascular suppression, but respiratory-related side effects was not significantly different from propofol alone. In this study, we evaluated the q...
Use of ketamine and propofol combination (so-called Ketofol) anesthesiain a fixed ratio (1:1 mg/ml) was reported in dogs. The use of ketofol reduced cardiovascular suppression, but respiratory-related side effects was not significantly different from propofol alone. In this study, we evaluated the quality of ketofol anesthesia and changes in cardiopulmonary function according to the ratio of ketamine to propofol. The experimental groups were divided into three groups: propofol alone (P group), 3:7 ketofol group (PK1 group) and 1:1 ketofol group (PK2). For each group, the dose of 0.8 ml/kgwas administered intravenously at a constant rate until the tracheal intubation was possible and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane for 120 minutes after induction of anesthesia. There was no significant difference in the anesthetic quality among three groups. Also, there was no difference in respiratory rate, tidal volume, end-tidal carbondioxide, and oxygen saturation. In group P, heart rate was not changed significantly during anesthesia, but arterial blood pressure decreased, while heart rate and arterial blood pressure increased significantly in group PK2. In the PK1 group, heart rate and arterial blood pressure during anesthesia remained similar to pre-anesthetic values. In conclusion, ketofol might be used as induction agent, and 3:7 ratioof ketofol showed more safe and effective anesthetic effect in dogs. Additionally, 1:1 ketofol may be used in patients with severe bradycardia orhypotension with close monitoring during anesthesia.
Use of ketamine and propofol combination (so-called Ketofol) anesthesiain a fixed ratio (1:1 mg/ml) was reported in dogs. The use of ketofol reduced cardiovascular suppression, but respiratory-related side effects was not significantly different from propofol alone. In this study, we evaluated the quality of ketofol anesthesia and changes in cardiopulmonary function according to the ratio of ketamine to propofol. The experimental groups were divided into three groups: propofol alone (P group), 3:7 ketofol group (PK1 group) and 1:1 ketofol group (PK2). For each group, the dose of 0.8 ml/kgwas administered intravenously at a constant rate until the tracheal intubation was possible and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane for 120 minutes after induction of anesthesia. There was no significant difference in the anesthetic quality among three groups. Also, there was no difference in respiratory rate, tidal volume, end-tidal carbondioxide, and oxygen saturation. In group P, heart rate was not changed significantly during anesthesia, but arterial blood pressure decreased, while heart rate and arterial blood pressure increased significantly in group PK2. In the PK1 group, heart rate and arterial blood pressure during anesthesia remained similar to pre-anesthetic values. In conclusion, ketofol might be used as induction agent, and 3:7 ratioof ketofol showed more safe and effective anesthetic effect in dogs. Additionally, 1:1 ketofol may be used in patients with severe bradycardia orhypotension with close monitoring during anesthesia.
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제안 방법
8 ml/kg of allocated induction agent intravenously at a rate of approximately 10% of the total calculated dose every 10 seconds by hand over until tracheal intubation could be achieved (decreased jaw tone, no reaction to tongue base depression with a laryngoscope) and the total given amount of drug was recorded. A single blinded investigator, who was unable to know the drug in the syringe, assessed loss of jaw tone and ability to intubate the trachea then record the induction quality score. The size of endotracheal tube was chosen by palpation of cervical trachea and according to the body size of the dog.
From induction of anesthesia, additionally to physiologic parameter measured at baseline, end-tidal carbon dioxide, tidal volume and oxygen saturation at tongue were measured. All parameters were recorded at 1, 3, 5 minutes after the tracheal intubation, 5 minutes intervals from 10 minutes to 30 minutes after intubation, and then 10 minutes intervals until the end of anesthesia. Electrocardiogram, spirometry, and capnogram were monitored by multi-parameter monitor (S/5TM Anesthesia Monitor, Datex Ohmeda, Finland).
Arterial blood pressure monitoring and pulse oximetry were performed by diagnostic monitor (Cardell® 9402, Sharn Veterinary Inc, USA).
This study was aimed to compare the cardiorespiratory variables and quality of induction, intubation and recovery in dogs induced anesthesia with propofol alone andtwo different ratio of ketofol.
대상 데이터
This study was approved by Chungnam National University Animal Care and Use Committee. Nineteen healthy intact male beagle dogs in weight range from 7.5 to 13.2 kg (mean body weight of 9.8 kg) were used. All dogs were considered to be healthy by physical examination, complete blood count, electrolyte analysis and serum biochemistry.
이론/모형
Respiratory rate was counted the number of breath/minute by visual inspection of the movement of abdomen and chest. Blood pressure were measured at right dorsal pedal artery by noninvasive method using oscillometric blood pressure monitor. Rectal temperature in degrees Celsius (℃) was measured by using a commercial digital thermometer.
Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare the induction, intubation and recovery quality score and incidence of post-induction apnea.
성능/효과
In conclusion, 3:7 ketofol might be used as compatible anesthetic induction agent in dogs.
In this study, end-tidal carbon dioxide, respiratory rate and tidal volume were measured and no statistically significant difference was shown. Though it was not mentioned above, minute volume was also not different among groups.
후속연구
The injection speed of induction agent was different and most of the previous studies used ketofol for maintenance of anesthesia, as total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Further studies should be investigated about TIVA using different ratio of ketofol to ensure the respiratory effect of ketofol in dogs.
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