발정기, 교배 기간 및 발정기를 포함하는 교미 중 붉은 여우 (Vulpes vulpes)의 행동을 실외 번식시설에서 환경 요인과 함께 조사하였다. 여우의 평균 교배 지속시간은 19.95분(n = 13, 범위 = 1.17-35.25분)이었다. 번식기는 1년 미만 여우의 경우, 3월 중순(60.0%)이었고, 1년 이상 여우는 2월 초순(56.6%)으로 나타났다. 교미 지속시간은 암 수컷 모두가 1세 이상 일 때 가장 길었고($24.4{\pm}11.08$분), 교배는 나이와는 관계없이 이루어졌다. 여우는 발정기를 시작한 후 2일 이내에 두 번 교배하고 두 마리의 수컷과 교배한 암컷의 임신율이 100%였다. 또한, 짝짓기 개체 간 연령이 1년 이상 된 경우 임신율이 87%로 가장 높았다. 여우는 야간보다는 주간 교미를 선호했고 대체로 맑은 날과 부분적으로 흐린 날의 10시부터 12시 사이에 교미를 했다. 수컷 여우는 다른 암컷과 최대 5번 교미했으며, 수컷의 교미 빈도가 높아질수록 교미 지속시간이 늘어났다. 교미에 대한 관심은 수컷은 3회, 암컷은 2회 교미 후 줄어들었다. 수컷은 첫 번째와 두 번째의 교미 사이에 최소 4시간 46분의 휴식이 필요했다. 이 연구에서 우리는 여우의 복원에 있어 개체 확보를 위한 번식 프로그램에 적용 가능한 기본적인 자료를 수집하였다.
발정기, 교배 기간 및 발정기를 포함하는 교미 중 붉은 여우 (Vulpes vulpes)의 행동을 실외 번식시설에서 환경 요인과 함께 조사하였다. 여우의 평균 교배 지속시간은 19.95분(n = 13, 범위 = 1.17-35.25분)이었다. 번식기는 1년 미만 여우의 경우, 3월 중순(60.0%)이었고, 1년 이상 여우는 2월 초순(56.6%)으로 나타났다. 교미 지속시간은 암 수컷 모두가 1세 이상 일 때 가장 길었고($24.4{\pm}11.08$분), 교배는 나이와는 관계없이 이루어졌다. 여우는 발정기를 시작한 후 2일 이내에 두 번 교배하고 두 마리의 수컷과 교배한 암컷의 임신율이 100%였다. 또한, 짝짓기 개체 간 연령이 1년 이상 된 경우 임신율이 87%로 가장 높았다. 여우는 야간보다는 주간 교미를 선호했고 대체로 맑은 날과 부분적으로 흐린 날의 10시부터 12시 사이에 교미를 했다. 수컷 여우는 다른 암컷과 최대 5번 교미했으며, 수컷의 교미 빈도가 높아질수록 교미 지속시간이 늘어났다. 교미에 대한 관심은 수컷은 3회, 암컷은 2회 교미 후 줄어들었다. 수컷은 첫 번째와 두 번째의 교미 사이에 최소 4시간 46분의 휴식이 필요했다. 이 연구에서 우리는 여우의 복원에 있어 개체 확보를 위한 번식 프로그램에 적용 가능한 기본적인 자료를 수집하였다.
This study examined the behavior of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) during the estrus period, breeding period, and mating including the estrus period along as well as the effect of environmental factors in an outdoor breeding facility. The average mating duration was 19.95 min (n = 13, range = 1.17-35.25 mi...
This study examined the behavior of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) during the estrus period, breeding period, and mating including the estrus period along as well as the effect of environmental factors in an outdoor breeding facility. The average mating duration was 19.95 min (n = 13, range = 1.17-35.25 min). The breeding season was mainly early February (56.6%) for foxes aged more than one year and mid-March (60.0%) for foxes aged less than one year. The mating duration was longest when both male and female were more than one year old ($24.4{\pm}11.08min$), although copulation took place regardless of partner's age. Females that mated twice within two days after estrus started or with two males had 100% pregnancy rate. In addition, the pregnancy rate was highest (87%) when both mating partners were more than one year old. Foxes preferred daytime to nighttime for mating, and thus mating usually took place on sunny days or between 10:00 and 12:00 on partly cloudy days. A male mated with different females for a maximum of five times, and the higher the mating frequency of a male, the longer the mating duration. Interest in mating decreased after three copulations in the case of males and after two copulations in the case of females. Males required at least 4 hours and 46 minutes between the first and second copulation. For this study, we collected reference data that might be applied to breeding programs for the red fox to secure the restoration of individuals of this important species.
This study examined the behavior of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) during the estrus period, breeding period, and mating including the estrus period along as well as the effect of environmental factors in an outdoor breeding facility. The average mating duration was 19.95 min (n = 13, range = 1.17-35.25 min). The breeding season was mainly early February (56.6%) for foxes aged more than one year and mid-March (60.0%) for foxes aged less than one year. The mating duration was longest when both male and female were more than one year old ($24.4{\pm}11.08min$), although copulation took place regardless of partner's age. Females that mated twice within two days after estrus started or with two males had 100% pregnancy rate. In addition, the pregnancy rate was highest (87%) when both mating partners were more than one year old. Foxes preferred daytime to nighttime for mating, and thus mating usually took place on sunny days or between 10:00 and 12:00 on partly cloudy days. A male mated with different females for a maximum of five times, and the higher the mating frequency of a male, the longer the mating duration. Interest in mating decreased after three copulations in the case of males and after two copulations in the case of females. Males required at least 4 hours and 46 minutes between the first and second copulation. For this study, we collected reference data that might be applied to breeding programs for the red fox to secure the restoration of individuals of this important species.
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제안 방법
Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed the mating date, time, and pregnancy rate of 23 foxes introduced into Sobaeksan National Park, aiming to contribute to the information for restoration of the Korean fox, which is a Class 1 endangered species, by providing ecological data concerning its mating and breeding features.
대상 데이터
This study was performed on 23 foxes (14 females, nine males) aged 1–10 years old, weighing 4–7 kg, and mated in January–March, 2017 at the Sobaeksan National Park Central Restoration Center (Taejang-ri, Soonheung-myeon, Youngjoo City, Gyeongbuk; latitude, 36°54′36″; longitude:128°33′36″) (Table 1).
To analyze the influence of environmental factors on mating behavior, irradiation, temperature, humidity, and wind speed for the region of Taejang-ri, Soonheungmyeon, Youngjoo City, where the breeding ground was installed, were obtained from the National Weather Data Center of the Korean Meteorological Administration (http://www.kma.go.kr).
성능/효과
Average and standard deviation (SD) data were calculated for each studied feature and significant differences were analyzed by t-tests, considering p < 0.05 as significant.
후속연구
Although the number of females used and breeding environment were limited, females mated two times, for two days in the mating period or with two males presented the highest pregnancy rate. However, further studies using more individuals and wild-released foxes should be conducted to fully understand the Red fox mating behavior.
In the study conducted by the Ministry of Environment (2009), foxes were reported to mate mostly at night, but Sobaeksanintroduced foxes it seems to mainly take place at daytime, regardless of irradiation conditions. This might be due to first presenting males to females during the estrus period between 10 and 14 h, but additional research is required to examine this difference.
참고문헌 (9)
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