[논문]대기오염집중측정소별 2013~2015년 사이의 PM2.5 화학적 특성 차이 및 유발인자 조사

유근혜; 박승식; 김영성; 신혜정; 임철수; 반수진; 유정아; 강현정; 서영교; 강경식; 조미라; 정선아; 이민희; 황태경; 강병철; 김효선

doi:10.5572/kosae.2018.34.1.016

대기오염집중측정소별 2013~2015년 사이의 PM2.5 화학적 특성 차이 및 유발인자 조사
Difference in Chemical Composition of PM2.5 and Investigation of its Causing Factors between 2013 and 2015 in Air Pollution Intensive Monitoring Stations 원문보기

한국대기환경학회지 = Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, v.34 no.1, 2018년, pp.16 - 37

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In this study, difference in chemical composition of $PM_{2.5}$ observed between the year 2013 and 2015 at six air quality intensive monitoring stations (Bangryenogdo (BR), Seoul (SL), Daejeon (DJ), Gwangju (GJ), Ulsan (US), and Jeju (JJ)) was investigated and the possible factors causing their difference were also discussed. $PM_{2.5}$, organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), and water-soluble ionic species concentrations were observed on a hourly basis in the six stations. The difference in chemical composition by regions was examined based on emissions of gaseous criteria pollutants (CO, $SO_2$, and $NO_2$), meteorological parameters (wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity), and origins and transport pathways of air masses. For the years 2013 and 2014, annual average $PM_{2.5}$ was in the order of SL ($${\sim_=}DJ$$)>GJ>BR>US>JJ, but the highest concentration in 2015 was found at DJ, following by GJ ($${\sim_=}SJ$$)>BR>US>JJ. Similar patterns were found in $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $NH_4{^+}$. Lower $PM_{2.5}$ at SL than at DJ and GJ was resulted from low concentrations of secondary ionic species. Annual average concentrations of OC and EC by regions had no big difference among the years, but their patterns were distinct from the $PM_{2.5}$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $NH_4{^+}$ concentrations by regions. 4-day air mass backward trajectory calculations indicated that in the event of daily average $PM_{2.5}$ exceeding the monthly average values, >70% of the air masses reaching the all stations were coming from northeastern Chinese polluted regions, indicating the long-range transportation (LTP) was an important contributor to $PM_{2.5}$ and its chemical composition at the stations. Lower concentrations of secondary ionic species and $PM_{2.5}$ at SL in 2015 than those at DJ and GJ sites were due to the decrease in impact by LTP from polluted Chinese regions, rather than the difference in local emissions of criteria gas pollutants ($SO_2$, $NO_2$, and $NH_3$) among the SL, DJ, and GJ sites. The difference in annual average $SO{_4}^{2-}$ by regions was resulted from combination of the difference in local $SO_2$ emissions and chemical conversion of $SO_2$ to $SO{_4}^{2-}$, and LTP from China. However, the $SO{_4}^{2-}$ at the sites were more influenced by LTP than the formation by chemical transformation of locally emitted $SO_2$. The $NO_3{^-}$ increase was closely associated with the increase in local emissions of nitrogen oxides at four urban sites except for the BR and JJ, as well as the LTP with a small contribution. Among the meterological parameters (wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity), the ambient temperature was most important factor to control the variation of $PM_{2.5}$ and its major chemical components concentrations. In other words, as the average temperature increases, the $PM_{2.5}$, OC, EC, and $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations showed a decreasing tendency, especially with a prominent feature in $NO_3{^-}$. Results from a case study that examined the $PM_{2.5}$ and its major chemical data observed between February 19 and March 2, 2014 at the all stations suggest that ambient $SO{_4}^{2-}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations are not necessarily proportional to the concentrations of their precursor emissions because the rates at which they form and their gas/particle partitioning may be controlled by factors (e.g., long range transportation) other than the concentration of the precursor gases.

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질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	환경부에서 설치한 대기오염집중측정소의 역할은 무엇인가?	5의 배출 오염원 기여도 평가, 고농도 스모그 발생원인 조사 및 중국으로부터 장거리 수송에 의하여 한반도에 유입되는 자연적 및 인위적 오염물질들의 영향 등을 조사하기 위하여 2007년부터 권역별 (백령도, 수도권, 호남권, 중부권, 제주권 및 영남권)로 순차적으로 대기오염집중측정소를 설치하여 운영 중에 있다 (NIER, 2016). 대기오염집중측정소에서는 PM2.5의 인체 유해성 연구에 필요한 기본 자료를 측정하고 PM2.5의 화학적 성분과 크기 분포를 준-실시간 (semi-continuous)으로 관측하여 국내·외 오염원 기여도 평가, 고농도 PM2.5의 원인 규명 등의 연구를 위해 활용 중에 있다. 대기 에어로졸 입자는 탄소성분, 이온성분, 원소성분 등으로 이루어진 복잡한 혼합물로서 대기복사수지, 국지적 및 지역적(local and regional) 대기질, 시정 (visibility), 인간의 건강, 생태계 등에 미치는 영향 때문에 대기오염물질로 규정하고 있다 (Khan et al.
	PM2.5로 야기되는 대기질 문제를 효과적으로 관리하기 위해서는 이에 대한 원인을 살펴볼 필요가 있는 이유는 무엇인가?	,2013a, 2005a, b). 이와 같이 PM2.5의 화학적 특성은 지역, 배출원, 계절, 기상 등에 따라 달라진다. 그러므로 한 지역에서PM2.
	대기 에어로졸 입자는 무엇인가?	5의 원인 규명 등의 연구를 위해 활용 중에 있다. 대기 에어로졸 입자는 탄소성분, 이온성분, 원소성분 등으로 이루어진 복잡한 혼합물로서 대기복사수지, 국지적 및 지역적(local and regional) 대기질, 시정 (visibility), 인간의 건강, 생태계 등에 미치는 영향 때문에 대기오염물질로 규정하고 있다 (Khan et al., 2010; IPCC, 2007; Tsai etal.

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