Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of treadmill gait training at different controlled inclinations on the standing balance of hemiplegic patients caused by cerebrovascular injury. Methods: The study's subjects were 44 patients with chronic stroke, randomly divided into three experimental...
Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of treadmill gait training at different controlled inclinations on the standing balance of hemiplegic patients caused by cerebrovascular injury. Methods: The study's subjects were 44 patients with chronic stroke, randomly divided into three experimental groups: $0^{\circ}$ treadmill gait training (n=14), $5^{\circ}$ treadmill gait training (n=15), and $10^{\circ}$ treadmill gait training (n=15). In addition to conventional physical therapy, the subjects underwent gait training on a treadmill with one of three different inclinations for 30 min per session five times per week for six weeks. The Biodex balance system SD, Berg balance scale, and timed up and go tests were used to measure the postural balance of the patients. Results: This study showed that gait training on a treadmill at controlled inclinations of $0^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, and $10^{\circ}$ positively influenced the stroke patients' standing balance. The $5^{\circ}$ and $10^{\circ}$ inclination gait training groups showed significantly more improvement than the $0^{\circ}$ inclination group. Conclusion: Gait training on a treadmill with inclinations of $0^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, or $10^{\circ}$ can be said to positively affect the postural balance of hemiplegic patients due to stroke. In particular, $5^{\circ}$ and $10^{\circ}$ inclination gait training offered more significant improvement than the $0^{\circ}$ inclination gait training group. When added to regular treatment routines, gait training at controlled inclinations is an effective intervention for improving hemiplegia due to postural balance.
Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of treadmill gait training at different controlled inclinations on the standing balance of hemiplegic patients caused by cerebrovascular injury. Methods: The study's subjects were 44 patients with chronic stroke, randomly divided into three experimental groups: $0^{\circ}$ treadmill gait training (n=14), $5^{\circ}$ treadmill gait training (n=15), and $10^{\circ}$ treadmill gait training (n=15). In addition to conventional physical therapy, the subjects underwent gait training on a treadmill with one of three different inclinations for 30 min per session five times per week for six weeks. The Biodex balance system SD, Berg balance scale, and timed up and go tests were used to measure the postural balance of the patients. Results: This study showed that gait training on a treadmill at controlled inclinations of $0^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, and $10^{\circ}$ positively influenced the stroke patients' standing balance. The $5^{\circ}$ and $10^{\circ}$ inclination gait training groups showed significantly more improvement than the $0^{\circ}$ inclination group. Conclusion: Gait training on a treadmill with inclinations of $0^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, or $10^{\circ}$ can be said to positively affect the postural balance of hemiplegic patients due to stroke. In particular, $5^{\circ}$ and $10^{\circ}$ inclination gait training offered more significant improvement than the $0^{\circ}$ inclination gait training group. When added to regular treatment routines, gait training at controlled inclinations is an effective intervention for improving hemiplegia due to postural balance.
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문제 정의
In this respect, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill gait training using adjusted degrees of inclination on the postural balance of stroke patients.
제안 방법
Balance ability was captured as a balance index value, where the better an individual’s balance ability, the lower the balance index. As part of the assessment program, we also measured the overall stability index (OSI), the anteroposterior stability index (ASI), and the mediolateral stability index (MSI). Before the test, the patient stood on a fixed mat on both feet and exercised three times to adjust to the equipment, after which the test was started.
They were randomly divided into three groups of treadmill training using 0°, 5°, or 10° of slope (n =15 for each group). Each group received a 30-min physical therapy session based on the concept of neurophysiological treatment as well as a 30-min walking training session on the treadmill three times a week for six weeks. The same investigators measured the subjects’ postural balance before and after training using measurement devices.
IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 software (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical processing of the results obtained from this study to analyze the effect of treadmill gait training on standing balance in patients with chronic stroke .For the physical characteristics of each group and the measurement data of each variable, the mean and the standard deviation were calculated, and the normality test using the residuals of the result data was confirmed by the Shapiro– Wilk test.
The subjects of this study were 45 patients who had been diagnosed as having had a stroke and who were (1) hospitalized for at least six months, (2) without orthopedic or cardiopulmonary diseases, and (3) able to walk independently for at least 30m indoors, (4) a patient with a clear level of consciousness to understand the researcher’s instructions.
Then, each subject walked at that measured speed on a 0°, 5°, or 10° slope, according to their assigned group, for their training sessions.
This study was conducted for six weeks to examine the effects of adjustments to treadmill inclination on the postural balance of chronic stroke patients.
대상 데이터
One patient in the group of 0° was discharged from the hospital, so 44 subjects participated in the study to the end.
데이터처리
One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the general characteristics of the three groups. A paired t-test was performed to determine the changes in standing balance before and after intervention in each group. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in postural balance before and after intervention in each group, and least square difference (LSD) was used for the post-hoc test.
For the physical characteristics of each group and the measurement data of each variable, the mean and the standard deviation were calculated, and the normality test using the residuals of the result data was confirmed by the Shapiro– Wilk test. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the general characteristics of the three groups. A paired t-test was performed to determine the changes in standing balance before and after intervention in each group.
A paired t-test was performed to determine the changes in standing balance before and after intervention in each group. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in postural balance before and after intervention in each group, and least square difference (LSD) was used for the post-hoc test. The significance level (α) of all statistics was set to 0.
이론/모형
For the physical characteristics of each group and the measurement data of each variable, the mean and the standard deviation were calculated, and the normality test using the residuals of the result data was confirmed by the Shapiro– Wilk test.
성능/효과
All three groups showed a significant decrease in the comparison test of TUG test results between pre- and post-training (p < 0.05).
The test was run for 30 s, and the test application levels of the mat were 1–9, where 1 was the most common movement, and 9 was the least common movement. Because this study targeted patients with central nervous system injuries, the test was conducted at the lowest level, 9, which, representing the least amount of movement, had the lowest risk factor. Balance ability was captured as a balance index value, where the better an individual’s balance ability, the lower the balance index.
In conclusion, gait training on a treadmill with inclinations of 0°, 5°, or 10° can be said to positively affect the postural balance of hemiplegic patients due to stroke.
In the post-hoc test of differences in the OSI and the ASI before and after training, the between 0° and 5° groups and 0° and 10° groups showed significant differences.
In this study, treadmill gait training with adjustment to the degree of inclination showed effective improvement of the dynamic and static balance abilities of chronic stroke patients. In addition, in statistical analysis of differences among the three training groups, the 5° and 10° inclination training groups showed significant differences from the 0° inclination training group.
Similarly, the variation test of BBS scores between pre- and post-training revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05), and the post-test LSD showed significant differences between the 0° and 5° groups and between the 0° and 10° groups (p < 0.05).
The resultant values of the BBS scores show significant differences between the 0° and 5° inclination groups and between the 0° and 10° inclination groups (p < 0.05).
The BBS items are scales for the evaluation of static standing balance ability and dynamic standing balance ability. Through the scores, it was found that treadmill gait training improved static standing ability and also contributed to the improvement of dynamic standing ability. The difference in the values of TUG between pre- and post-training was not significant (p> 0.
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