[논문]Investigation of Floor Surface Finishes for Optimal Slip Resistance Performance

Kim, In-Ju

doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2017.05.005

Investigation of Floor Surface Finishes for Optimal Slip Resistance Performance 원문보기 논문타임라인

Safety and health at work : SH@W, v.9 no.1, 2018년, pp.17 - 24

Kim, In-Ju (Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Background: Increasing the slip resistance of floor surfaces would be desirable, but there is a lack of evidence on whether traction properties are linearly correlated with the topographic features of the floor surfaces or what scales of surface roughness are required to effectively control the slipperiness of floors. Objective: This study expands on earlier findings on the effects of floor surface finishes against slip resistance performance and determines the operative ranges of floor surface roughness for optimal slip resistance controls under different risk levels of walking environments. Methods: Dynamic friction tests were conducted among three shoes and nine floor specimens under wet and oily environments and compared with a soapy environment. Results: The test results showed the significant effects of floor surface roughness on slip resistance performance against all the lubricated environments. Compared with the floor-type effect, the shoe-type effect on slip resistance performance was insignificant against the highly polluted environments. The study outcomes also indicated that the oily environment required rougher surface finishes than the wet and soapy ones in their lower boundary ranges of floor surface roughness. Conclusion: The results of this study with previous findings confirm that floor surface finishes require different levels of surface coarseness for different types of environmental conditions to effectively manage slippery walking environments. Collected data on operative ranges of floor surface roughness seem to be a valuable tool to develop practical design information and standards for floor surface finishes to efficiently prevent pedestrian fall incidents.

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문제 정의

The author thanks Tsui-Ying Kau from the Clinical Information and Decision Support Services in the University of Michigan Health System at the University of Michigan for statistical analyses and suggestions in preparing this manuscript. The author also thanks Dr Peter Simeonov and Dr Hongwei Hsiao from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), USA, for valuable comments and reviews on the preparation for this study.
The author thanks Tsui-Ying Kau from the Clinical Information and Decision Support Services in the University of Michigan Health System at the University of Michigan for statistical analyses and suggestions in preparing this manuscript. The author also thanks Dr Peter Simeonov and Dr Hongwei Hsiao from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), USA, for valuable comments and reviews on the preparation for this study.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of floor surface finishes on slip resistance properties and identify the operational ranges of floor surface roughness for optimal slip resistance performance under different risk levels of slippery environments. The test results showed significant effects of floor surface roughness on slip resistance performance under the contaminated conditions.
Overall results evidently demonstrate that the floor surface finishes require different levels of surface roughness for different types of environmental conditions to effectively control slippery walking environments. This study suggests that the propositioned concept on operational ranges with lower and upper boundaries for the floor surface roughness may have applicable design implications for floors and floor coverings to provide optimal slip resistance implementation.

제안 방법

The experimental design of this study included three different risk levels of environmental conditions: wet, soapy, and oily situations. This may limit the applicability of the findings only to those types of contaminated circumstances.
This study extends earlier findings on the effect of floor surface features and identifies operative ranges of floor surface roughness for the best slip resistance performance under different slippery environments. The main approach followed the theory concept and model on operational ranges with lower and upper boundaries for the floor surface roughness [13]. Dynamic friction tests were conducted under two different risk levels of unsafe walking environments such as mildly slippery condition (tap water-covered wet) and highly slippery one (machine oil-covered oily) and compared with the moderately high slippery one (soapsuds-covered soapy environment).
The significant relationships between the current and previous studies verified the theory concept and model on operative roughness ranges for the floor surfaces.
The DFCs were arranged by the order of floor surface roughness parameter, R_a. This arrangement was intended to analyze the broad relationship between the surface roughness of each floor specimen and DFC results, and observe the general effect of surface roughness on slip resistance properties.
This study extends earlier findings on the effect of floor surface features and identifies operative ranges of floor surface roughness for the best slip resistance performance under different slippery environments. The main approach followed the theory concept and model on operational ranges with lower and upper boundaries for the floor surface roughness [13].
This study tested a narrow selection of flooring materials within limited types and ranges of surface roughness. Further research on the slip resistance properties of walkways requires testing a variety of floor and flooring materials with different surface features in order to accurately determine the specific functional ranges of surface roughness.
A pendulum-type hydraulic dynamic friction tester was used to quantify slip resistance performance [13,19]. This tester was designed to simulate moving and loading of a foot during heel strike and initial slip, and to determine quantitatively slip requirements as a dynamic friction coefficient (DFC). During the tests, a normal force was kept around 350N, and a sliding speed was controlled at 40 cm/ s based on gait studies [13,19-21].

데이터처리

Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to assess the significant effects of floor, shoe, and environment variables and their interactions on the DFCs. A polynomial regression model was used to estimate the interactions between the floor surface roughness parameters and the DFCs.

이론/모형

Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to assess the significant effects of floor, shoe, and environment variables and their interactions on the DFCs. A polynomial regression model was used to estimate the interactions between the floor surface roughness parameters and the DFCs. Independent variables for the ANOVA tests included the following elements:
Dynamic friction tests were conducted under two different risk levels of unsafe walking environments such as mildly slippery condition (tap water-covered wet) and highly slippery one (machine oil-covered oily) and compared with the moderately high slippery one (soapsuds-covered soapy environment). Based on the test results, operative ranges of floor surface roughness were estimated by polynomial regression models for optimal slip resistance performance under the different environmental conditions.

성능/효과

The test results also identified that increasing the floor surface roughness beyond certain scales did not provide further benefits for slip resistance performance. This means that there seem to be present operational roughness ranges for optimal slip resistance performance.
The test results from cubic functions of each roughness parameter showed nonlinear relationships between the floor surface roughness and DFCs. This finding confirmed that the higher slip resistance performance was not mechanically supported by the rougher floors as assumed in an earlier study [13].
This study aimed to investigate the effects of floor surface finishes on slip resistance properties and identify the operational ranges of floor surface roughness for optimal slip resistance performance under different risk levels of slippery environments. The test results showed significant effects of floor surface roughness on slip resistance performance under the contaminated conditions. However, there was a lack of correlations between the surface roughness and DFCs under the wet environment.

후속연구

The current study with the previous outcomes confirms that floor surface finishes require different levels of surface roughness for different types of environmental conditions to effectively control slippery walking situations. It is expected that collected information on operative ranges of floor surface roughness under diverse walking environments can be used as a reference in improving floor surface finishes and accordingly a valuable source to develop practical design information and guidelines for floor surfaces required to prevent pedestrian slip and fall incidents.
Hence, floor surfaces may require different levels of coarseness for different types of environmental conditions to effectively and efficiently manage walkway slipperiness. The inclusive results from this study suggest that the proposed concept on operational roughness ranges for the floor surface finishes may have practical design implications for floors and floor coverings to provide optimal slip resistance functioning.

참고문헌 (27)
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상세보기 타임라인에서 보기
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상세보기 타임라인에서 보기
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상세보기 타임라인에서 보기
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상세보기 타임라인에서 보기
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13 Kim I.J. Hsiao H. Simeonov P. Functional levels of floor surface roughness for the prevention of slips and falls: clean-and-dry and soapsuds-covered wet surfaces Appl Ergon 44 2013 58 64 22641153

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14 Yu R. Li K.W. Perceived floor slipperiness and floor roughness in a gait experiment Work 50 2015 649 657 24448018

상세보기 타임라인에서 보기
15 Kim I.J. Wear observation of shoe surfaces: application for slip and fall safety assessments Tribol Trans 58 2015 407 417

상세보기 타임라인에서 보기
16 Kim I.J. Investigation and interpretation of flooring wear developments for pedestrian fall safety assessments Tribol Trans 2017 1 10
17 Kim I.J. Identifying shoe wear mechanisms and associated tribological characteristics: the importance for slip resistance evaluation Wear 360–1 2016 77 86
18 Chaffin D.B. Woldstad J.C. Trujillo A. Floor/shoe slip resistance measurement Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 53 1992 283 289 1609738

상세보기 타임라인에서 보기
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22 Chang W.R. Kim I.J. Manning D.P. Bunterngchit Y. The role of surface roughness in the measurement of slipperiness Ergon 44 2001 1200 1216
23 AS/NZS 4663 Slip resistance measurements of existing pedestrian surfaces Australian Standards AS/NZS 4663 2004
24 Manning D.P. Jones C. The effect of roughness, floor polish, water, oil and ice on underfoot friction: current safety footwear solings are less slip resistant than microcellular polyurethane Appl Ergon 32 2001 185 196 11277511

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25 Chang W.R. The effects of surface roughness and contaminant on the dynamic friction of porcelain tile Appl Ergon 32 2001 173 184 11277510
26 Chang W.R. The effects of surface roughness and contaminants on the dynamic friction between porcelain tile and vulcanized rubber Saf Sci 40 2002 577 591

상세보기 타임라인에서 보기
27 Kim I.J. Pedestrian fall safety assessments: improved understanding on slip resistance measurements and investigations 2017 Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland 199 224

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Investigation of Floor Surface Finishes for Optimal Slip Resistance Performance 원문보기 논문타임라인

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

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제안 방법

데이터처리

이론/모형

성능/효과

후속연구

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Investigation of Floor Surface Finishes for Optimal Slip Resistance Performance 원문보기 논문타임라인

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