[국내논문]염산 수용액 거동에 대한 가변 외부 자기장의 적용과 영향: 실험 연구 및 Taguchi 법을 이용한 모델링 Influence and Application of an External Variable Magnetic Field on the Aqueous HCl Solution Behavior: Experimental Study and Modelling Using the Taguchi Method원문보기
염산 5, 10, 15 wt% 용액(1.5, 3.0, 4.5 M; 석유정 산성화에 사용되는 범위)에 대하여 여러 가지 조건에서 자기장이 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 자화된 염산의 pH 변화를 정상적인 염산과 비교하였다. Taguchi 실험 설계법을 사용하여 자장강도, 농도, 유속, 온도 및 시간의 영향을 모델링하였다. 실험 결과 자화에 따라 염산의 $H^+$ 농도가 42%까지 감소하였다. 자장 강도(기여도 28%), 염산의 농도(기여도 42%), 유속이 커지면 자기장 적용의 효과가 증가하였다. 염산에 대한 자기장의 영향은 용액의 유속과 가열에 의하여 영향받지 않았으며 시간에 따른 자기장 메모리가 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 최대 $H^+$ 농도 변화에 대한 최적의 조합은 10% 염산 용액 및 4,300 Gauss일 때로 얻어졌다. 자화 과정 중 염산의 반응 속도가 감소하므로 자화된 염산은 탄화수소(원유 및 천연가스)정의 매질 산성화에 대한 대체 지연제로 비용면에서 경제적이고 신뢰성 있는 방법이 될 것으로 제안한다.
염산 5, 10, 15 wt% 용액(1.5, 3.0, 4.5 M; 석유정 산성화에 사용되는 범위)에 대하여 여러 가지 조건에서 자기장이 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 자화된 염산의 pH 변화를 정상적인 염산과 비교하였다. Taguchi 실험 설계법을 사용하여 자장강도, 농도, 유속, 온도 및 시간의 영향을 모델링하였다. 실험 결과 자화에 따라 염산의 $H^+$ 농도가 42%까지 감소하였다. 자장 강도(기여도 28%), 염산의 농도(기여도 42%), 유속이 커지면 자기장 적용의 효과가 증가하였다. 염산에 대한 자기장의 영향은 용액의 유속과 가열에 의하여 영향받지 않았으며 시간에 따른 자기장 메모리가 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 최대 $H^+$ 농도 변화에 대한 최적의 조합은 10% 염산 용액 및 4,300 Gauss일 때로 얻어졌다. 자화 과정 중 염산의 반응 속도가 감소하므로 자화된 염산은 탄화수소(원유 및 천연가스)정의 매질 산성화에 대한 대체 지연제로 비용면에서 경제적이고 신뢰성 있는 방법이 될 것으로 제안한다.
Influences of the magnetic field on 5, 10 and 15 wt% (1.5, 3 and 4.5 M) HCl solution behaviour, which has widespread applications in petroleum well acidizing, were investigated in various conditions. Differences in the pH of magnetized hydrochloric acid compared to that of normal hydrochloric acid w...
Influences of the magnetic field on 5, 10 and 15 wt% (1.5, 3 and 4.5 M) HCl solution behaviour, which has widespread applications in petroleum well acidizing, were investigated in various conditions. Differences in the pH of magnetized hydrochloric acid compared to that of normal hydrochloric acid were measured. Taguchi design of experimental (DoE) method were used to model effects of the magnetic field intensity, concentration, velocity and temperature of acid in addition to the elapsed time. The experimental results showed that the magnetic field decreases [$H^+$] concentration of hydrochloric acid up to 42% after magnetization. Increasing the magnetic field intensity (with 28% contribution), concentration (with 42% contribution), and velocity of acid increases the effect of magnetic treatment. The results also demonstrated that the acid magnetization was-not influenced by the fluid velocity and heating. It was also displayed that the acid preserves its magnetic memory during time. The optimum combination of factors with respect to the highest change of [$H^+$] concentration was obtained as an acid concentration of 10% and an applied magnetic field of 4,300 Gauss. Due to the reduction of HCl reaction rate under the magnetization process, it can be proposed that the magnetized HCl is a cost effective and reliable alternative retarder in the matrix acidizing of hydrocarbon (crude oil and natural gas) wells.
Influences of the magnetic field on 5, 10 and 15 wt% (1.5, 3 and 4.5 M) HCl solution behaviour, which has widespread applications in petroleum well acidizing, were investigated in various conditions. Differences in the pH of magnetized hydrochloric acid compared to that of normal hydrochloric acid were measured. Taguchi design of experimental (DoE) method were used to model effects of the magnetic field intensity, concentration, velocity and temperature of acid in addition to the elapsed time. The experimental results showed that the magnetic field decreases [$H^+$] concentration of hydrochloric acid up to 42% after magnetization. Increasing the magnetic field intensity (with 28% contribution), concentration (with 42% contribution), and velocity of acid increases the effect of magnetic treatment. The results also demonstrated that the acid magnetization was-not influenced by the fluid velocity and heating. It was also displayed that the acid preserves its magnetic memory during time. The optimum combination of factors with respect to the highest change of [$H^+$] concentration was obtained as an acid concentration of 10% and an applied magnetic field of 4,300 Gauss. Due to the reduction of HCl reaction rate under the magnetization process, it can be proposed that the magnetized HCl is a cost effective and reliable alternative retarder in the matrix acidizing of hydrocarbon (crude oil and natural gas) wells.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
문제 정의
So in this study, the temperature of acid increased after magnetization. This work was done to observe whether the effect of magnetization will remain after heating the acid or not. The experimental results illustrated in Figure 9 and Figure 10-D show that heating the fluid does not eliminate the effect of magnetization and so it is possible to use the magnetized acid in hot medium without any problem.
제안 방법
1. An L27 orthogonal array along with S/N ratios, ANOVA and modeling in the Taguchi DoE method was used to investigate magnetic field intensity, flow rate, acid concentration, temperature and elapsed time at three different levels on the pH of HCl concerning the acidizing process.
Concerning the effective parameters, five factors have been selected for this experiment, which are magnetic field intensity, HCl concentration, flow rate, temperature, and elapsed time at three different levels (Table 2).
In this study, the effect of the permanent magnetic field on solutions of HCl (5, 10 and 15 weight percent in water) is determined. The design of the magnetic system is perpendicular to the flow direction with open magnetic circuit.
This study deals with the influence of external variable magnetic fields on the reaction rate of HCl using pH measurement, which has widespread usage in petroleum well acidizing. The magnetization effect depends on conditions of magnetization.
데이터처리
Multiple regression analysis techniques comprised in the Taguchi were used to estimate the models’ coefficients.
이론/모형
The mentioned variables as well as acid temperature and elapsed time after magnetization are verified for the first time. Experiments were done using the design of experiments technique by means of the Taguchi method. Due to the successful performance of magnetization on delaying efficiency, it can be proposed that magnetized HCl is a cost effective and eco-friendly alternative for regular retarder additives.
The behavior of magnetized 5, 10 and 15 wt% (1.5, 3 and 4.5 M)HCl solutions was investigated and modeled by means of the Taguchi method. The following points can be highlighted;
성능/효과
2. The obtained results indicate that magnetization of 5, 10 and 15wt% (1.5, 3 and 4.5 M) HCl solutions at different conditions increasepH value, which can be related to decreasing the reaction rate. The determined high reduction in [H+] is attributed to the changing molecular arrangement of acid due to the magnetic field.
3. ANOVA results depicted that the main factors affecting changes in the reaction rate are acid concentration and the magnetic field intensity with about 42.58% and 28.13% of contribution, respectively. However, the influence of elapsed time is also significant.
4. A decrease in [H+] was found at about 42% for 10 wt% HCl that was magnetized in a 3,300 Gauss magnetic field. The reduction increases with magnetic field intensity, but decreases with elapsed time.
The average S/N ratio calculated to determine the best level factor for the optimum contribution level of factor X2, 10 wt% HCl concentrations (second level of factor X3), temperature of 45 degrees centigrade (third level of factor X4) and elapsed time of 0 minute after magnetization (first level of factor X5), is the optimum combination of factors to obtain maximum reduction in HCl reaction rate due to magnetization (X13X22X32X43X51). It is further proven that the HCl concentration and magnetic field intensity are the two most significant factors; whereas the flow rate and the heating temperature after magnetization appear to be relatively insignificant.
참고문헌 (36)
L. M. A. Monzon and J. M. D. Coey, Magnetic fields in electrochemistry: The Lorentz force. A mini-review, Electrochem. Commun., 42, 38-41 (2014).
D. A. Bograchev and A. D. Davydov, Optimization of electrolysis in the cylindrical electrochemical cell rotating in the magnetic field, Russ. J. Electrochem., 46, 331-335 (2010).
M. Hozayn, A. A. Abdel-Monem, A. Qados, and H. M. A. El-Hameed, Response of some food crops to irrigation with magnetized water under greenhouse condition, Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 5, 29-36 (2011).
Y. Takeuchi and M. Iwasaka, Effects of magnetic fields on dissolution of arthritis causing crystals, J. Appl. Phys., 117, 17D152 (2015).
Y. Oh, S. Kang, and D. Choe, Preparation and current-voltage characteristics of well-aligned NPD (4,4'bis[N-(1-napthyl)-N-phenyl-amino] biphenyl) thin films, Appl. Chem. Eng., 17, 591-596 (2006).
Y. Kang and D. Choe, Formation and Current-voltage Characteristics of molecularly-ordered 4,4',4"-tris(N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino)-triphenylamine film, Appl. Chem. Eng., 18, 506-510 (2007).
Y. Wang, H. Wei, and Z. Li, Effect of magnetic field on the physical properties of water, Results Phys., 8, 262-267 (2018).
X. Niu, K. Du, and F. Xiao, Experimental study on the effect of magnetic field on the heat conductivity and viscosity of ammonia-water, Energy Build., 43, 1164-1168 (2011).
A. J. Ahrar and M. H. Djavareshkian, Lattice Boltzmann simulation of a Cu-water nanofluid filled cavity in order to investigate the influence of volume fraction and magnetic field specifications on flow and heat transfer, J. Mol. Liq., 215, 328-338 (2016).
F. F. Farshad, J. Linsley, O. Kuznetsov, and S. Vargas, The effects of magnetic treatment on calcium sulfate scale formation. In: SPE Western Regional/AAPG Pacific Section Joint Meeting May 20-22, Anchorage, Alaska, USA (2002).
X. W. Qiu, W. Zhao, S. J. Dyer, A. Al Dossary, S. Khan, and A. S. Sultan, Revisiting reaction kinetics and wormholing phenomena during carbonate acidising. In: International Petroleum Technology Conference, Jan. 19-22, Doha, Qatar (2014).
T. Imamura, Y. Yamada, S. Oi, and H. Honda, Orientation behavior of carbonaceous mesophase spherules having a new molecular arrangement in a magnetic field, Carbon N. Y., 16, 481-486 (1978).
K.-T. Chang and C.-I. Weng, The effect of an external magnetic field on the structure of liquid water using molecular dynamics simulation, J. Appl. Phys., 100, 43917 (2006).
H. Hosoda, H. Mori, N. Sogoshi, A. Nagasawa, and S. Nakabayashi, Refractive indices of water and aqueous electrolyte solutions under high magnetic fields, J. Phys. Chem. A, 108, 1461-1464 (2004).
Z. Lu and W. Yang, In situ monitoring the effects of a magnetic field on the open-circuit corrosion states of iron in acidic and neutral solutions, Corros. Sci., 50, 510-522 (2008).
G. Bikul'chyus, A. Ruchinskene, and V. Deninis, Corrosion behavior of low-carbon steel in tap water treated with permanent magnetic field, Prot. Met., 39, 443-447 (2003).
R. Sueptitz, K. Tschulik, M. Uhlemann, J. Eckert, and A. Gebert, Retarding the corrosion of iron by inhomogeneous magnetic fields, Mater. Corros., 65, 803-808 (2014).
K. Higashitani, A. Kage, S. Katamura, K. Imai, and S. Hatade, Effects of a magnetic field on the formation of $CaCO_3$ particles, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 156, 90-95 (1993).
H. Inaba, T. Saitou, K. Tozaki, and H. Hayashi, Effect of the magnetic field on the melting transition of $H_2O$ and $D_2O$ measured by a high resolution and supersensitive differential scanning calorimeter, J. Appl. Phys., 96, 6127-6132 (2004).
O. O. Adenuga, H. A. Nasr-El-Din, and M. A. I. Sayed, Reactions of simple organic acids and chelating agents with dolomite. In: SPE Production and Operations Symposium, March 23-26, Oklahoma City, USA (2013).
Q. Ji, L. Zhou and H. Nasr-El-Din, Acidizing sandstone reservoirs with aluminum-based retarded mud acid, SPE J., 21, 1-50 (2016).
F. Moosavi and M. Gholizadeh, Magnetic effects on the solvent properties investigated by molecular dynamics simulation, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 354, 239-247 (2014).
X.-F. Pang and B. Deng, The changes of macroscopic features and microscopic structures of water under influence of magnetic field, Physica B, 403, 3571-3577 (2008).
H.-J. Kim, D.-C. Kwon, and N.-S. Yoon, A one-dimensional fluid simulation of a magnetized DC discharge including the non-uniform effects of the magnetic field, Curr. Appl. Phys., 9, 647-650 (2009).
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.