Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cashew nut testa (CNT) as an alternative feed ingredient to wheat bran on reproductive performance, litter performance, milk composition, and blood profiles of gestating sows. Methods: Forth multiparous sows ($Yorkshire{\tim...
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cashew nut testa (CNT) as an alternative feed ingredient to wheat bran on reproductive performance, litter performance, milk composition, and blood profiles of gestating sows. Methods: Forth multiparous sows ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace$) were fed experimental diets starting at 35 days of pregnancy and an initial average body weight (BW) of $211.53{\pm}8.86kg$. Each sow was assigned to a treatment based on BW, backfat thickness (BF) and parity with 10 sows per treatment. Treatments were as follows: i) corn-soybean meal based diet with 6% of wheat bran (C0); ii) basal diet with 2% of CNT and 4% of wheat bran (C2); iii) basal diet with 4% of CNT and 2% of wheat bran (C4); and iv) basal diet with 6% of CNT (C6). Results: There were no statistically significant differences in BW and BF of gestating sows throughout the experimental period. However, changes in BF (p = 0.09) and the daily feed intake of sows (p = 0.09) tended to linearly increase during the lactation period. The weaning to estrus interval (WEI) showed a quadratic response to CNT treatment (p = 0.02), and the C2 diet showed the shortest WEI. Litter birth weight (p = 0.04) and piglet birth weight (p = 0.06) were linearly decreased with increase in CNT. Furthermore, there had no significant differences in piglet weight and litter weight in 21 day. Insulin concentration at day 70 of gestation was linearly reduced with increasing CNT level in diets (p = 0.03). Conclusion: When 6% CNT replaced wheat bran in gestating sow diets, there were no negative effects on sow performance, but litter birth weight and piglet birth weight were decreased when CNT level increased in gestating sow diets.
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cashew nut testa (CNT) as an alternative feed ingredient to wheat bran on reproductive performance, litter performance, milk composition, and blood profiles of gestating sows. Methods: Forth multiparous sows ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace$) were fed experimental diets starting at 35 days of pregnancy and an initial average body weight (BW) of $211.53{\pm}8.86kg$. Each sow was assigned to a treatment based on BW, backfat thickness (BF) and parity with 10 sows per treatment. Treatments were as follows: i) corn-soybean meal based diet with 6% of wheat bran (C0); ii) basal diet with 2% of CNT and 4% of wheat bran (C2); iii) basal diet with 4% of CNT and 2% of wheat bran (C4); and iv) basal diet with 6% of CNT (C6). Results: There were no statistically significant differences in BW and BF of gestating sows throughout the experimental period. However, changes in BF (p = 0.09) and the daily feed intake of sows (p = 0.09) tended to linearly increase during the lactation period. The weaning to estrus interval (WEI) showed a quadratic response to CNT treatment (p = 0.02), and the C2 diet showed the shortest WEI. Litter birth weight (p = 0.04) and piglet birth weight (p = 0.06) were linearly decreased with increase in CNT. Furthermore, there had no significant differences in piglet weight and litter weight in 21 day. Insulin concentration at day 70 of gestation was linearly reduced with increasing CNT level in diets (p = 0.03). Conclusion: When 6% CNT replaced wheat bran in gestating sow diets, there were no negative effects on sow performance, but litter birth weight and piglet birth weight were decreased when CNT level increased in gestating sow diets.
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제안 방법
A total of 40 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) were assigned to one of four treatments, 10 sows per treatment, with similar BW, backfat thickness (BF) and parity in a completely randomized design (CRD).
70% total phosphorus. Four diet treatments were formulated with 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% of CNT along with 6%, 4% 2%, and 0% of wheat bran, respectively. All nutrients were formulated to meet or exceed NRC requirements [10].
Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary CNT as an alternative feed ingredient to wheat bran on reproductive performance, litter performance, milk composition, and blood profiles of gestating sows.
Each sow lactated 11 or 12 healthy piglets in this experiment. Within 24 hours of farrowing, Fe-dextran (150 ppm) was administered and treatments such as ear-notching, clipping of needle teeth and tails were conducted. Piglets were weaned at approximately 24±2 days, and sows were transferred to a gestating crate.
대상 데이터
A total of 40 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with body weights (BW) at 211.53±8.86 kg were used.
데이터처리
Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using the general linear model procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Least squares means were calculated for each independent variable.
성능/효과
Generally, if feed intake is too low, there is a negative effect on body condition with an increased WEI [14,15] and decreased ovulation [16]. In this experiment, the percentage of CNT in gestating sow diet showed a quadratic response on WEI. The WEI was shortest in 2% CNT, suggesting that the ADFI of sows affected the WEI.
Previous studies have reported that blood glucose concentration decreased with increasing insulin in sows [25,26]. In this study, there were no differences in blood insulin and glucose concentration in each treatment, but blood insulin concentration linearly decreased with increasing CNT levels at day 70 of gestation. However, Long et al [27] found that insulin and glucose concentrations from 0.
Danielsen and Vestergaard [13] reported that high fiber diets (sugar beet pulp and mixed fiber sources) did not affect total number of piglets born and weaning, but weight of piglets at birth was negatively affected. In this study, there were no significant differences among all treatments on piglet weight at day 21 and piglet weight gain. Consequently, supplementation of dietary CNT levels had no negative effects on nursing piglets during lactation.
When 6% CNT replaced wheat bran in gestating sow diets, there were no negative effects on sow and piglet performance and ADFI during lactation improved, but litter birth weight and piglet birth weight were decreased when CNT level increased in gestating sow diets.
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