[논문]Packet Transceiver on 2.4GHz for Whooper Swan

Nakada, Kaoru; Nakajima, Isao; Hata, Jun-ichi; Ta, Masuhisa

doi:10.9717/jmis.2018.5.2.91

Packet Transceiver on 2.4GHz for Whooper Swan 원문보기

The journal of multimedia information system, v.5 no.2, 2018년, pp.91 - 98

Nakada, Kaoru (Tokai University School of Medicine) , Nakajima, Isao (Tokai University School of Medicine) , Hata, Jun-ichi (Central Institute for Experimental Animals) , Ta, Masuhisa (Tasada Works Inc.)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

We devised a bird-borne transceiver unit for S-band packet radio communications based on the CC2500 transceiver, a device manufactured by Texas Instruments (TI). Our assessments determined the optimal parameters needed to achieve successful bird-to-center communication over a distance of 18 km and bird-to-bird communication over a distance of 200 m. These parameters included optimal modulation methods, transmission rates, and antennas. We equipped the transceiver unit with a modified dipole antenna (collinear antenna), which we tested in a 10 m anechoic chamber. Our experimental assessments and circuit design review identified the following parameters: 2FSK modulation method; 14.28 kHz frequency shift; 101.56 kHz IF reception bandwidth; and Manchester encoding (+). Our assessments showed bird-to-bird communications could be achieved over a distance of 200 m assuming MSK, FEC (+), and 500 kbps. Following tests by an official body, we obtained 28 sets of a type approval license for 2.4 GHz. In cooperation with the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, we attempted to tag and release six or more swans. This unit gives us the ability to obtain vital data on swans. We expect this data to provide significant benefits, including clues on improving screening for infected individuals.

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제안 방법

Texas Instruments has publicly disclosed all information and data pertaining to the IC used in its CC2500 transceiver product. Disclosed on the Internet, these 3,000-odd pages of technical documents gave us the information needed to set the IF frequency bandwidth for analog circuits, modulation methods, and output levels. The availability of this information was the primary reason for choosing the CC2500.
Due to the distance between any given bird and the center and the proximity of the signal to the noise floor, slower transmission rates and Manchester encoding offer advantages over FEC. For our assessment, we connected two CC2500 boards (Figure 4), configured an attenuator between them, reduced the received power, and varied the relative C/N (signal-to-noise ratio) to determine the ideal settings for modulation method, transmission rate, and intermediate frequency (IF). FEC and ARQ were disabled for this experiment.
zip) obtained at no cost from IAR Systems. This program allows the transmission of commands to the CC2500 on the target board via the PC serial port for continuous modulated wave transmission, non-modulated output, continuous receiving, and parameter setting. To confirm signal levels after the attenuator, we used a spectrum analyzer to measure error rates between the two boards, as shown in Figure 5.
The CC2500 accommodates transmission rates from 1,200 bps to 500 kbps, and the modulation method can be set to 2FSK, GFSK, or MSK. This report describes how we determined projected maximum communication distances after selecting the optimal modulation method, antenna gain, and circuit design.

대상 데이터

Our research was funded by grants-in-aid for scientific research (Grants 21241042 and 23651169) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. To work for this paper, we are deeply indebted to all those at Tokai University School of Medicine, in particular Mr. Hiroshi Juzoji (now EFL, Inc.), Ms. Noriko Numata, Ms. Miyoshi Tanaka Yukie Tanaka, and Katsuko Naito who were helpful at all times and provided us with essential assistance. We also wish to express our heartfelt thanks to Mr.

성능/효과

Based on our assessments, we determined that the ideal modulation method for bird-to-center communication over relatively long distances was 2FSK with a frequency shift at 14.28 kHz and receiving IF bandwidth of 101.56 kHz. Our assessment disregarded the effects of radio waves reflected from lake surfaces, mountains, and so forth (the propagation environment).
The error rate was 5% or less at -135 dBW. Changing these settings to MSK modulation method, 500 kbps transmission rate, and 812.5 kHz receiving IF bandwidth resulted in an error rate of 5% or less at -116 dBW. Since this data was communicated in packets, issuing a resend request would allow successful communication even with error rates around 20%, but at slower speed.
We calculated the maximum propagation distance in each communication case based on the premise of the error rate above. The results of calculations using the formula for propagation loss in free space showed 400 m at 500 kbps for bird-to-bird communication and 35 km at 2.4 kbps and in 2FSK mode for bird-to-center communication. These values met the required specifications of 200 m and 18 km.
The results of our study suggest that the CC2500’s analog circuit was initially designed for use with 2FSK at the development stage, after which MSK and GFSK were later added to make the product more marketable.

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DOI : 10.9717/JMIS.2018.5.2.91 [무료]
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