[논문]Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Particulate Matter Using AOD Data from MODIS and Surface Measurements in the Ambient Air of Colombia

Luna, Marco Andres Guevara; Luna, Fredy Alejandro Guevara; Espinosa, Juan Felipe Mendez; Ceron, Luis Carlos Belalcazar

doi:10.5572/ajae.2018.12.2.165

Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Particulate Matter Using AOD Data from MODIS and Surface Measurements in the Ambient Air of Colombia 원문보기

Asian journal of atmospheric environment, v.12 no.2, 2018년, pp.165 - 177

Luna, Marco Andres Guevara (Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia) , Luna, Fredy Alejandro Guevara (Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia) , Espinosa, Juan Felipe Mendez (Andes University, Engineering School) , Ceron, Luis Carlos Belalcazar (Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Particulate matter (PM) measurements are important in air quality, public health, epidemiological studies and decision making for short and long-term policies implementation. However, only few cities in the word have advance air quality-monitoring networks able to provide reliable information of PM leaves in the ambient air, trends and extent of the pollution. In Colombia, only major cities measure PM concentrations. Available measurements from Bogota, Medellin and Bucaramanga show that PM concentration are well above World Health Organization guidelines, but up to now levels and trends of PM in other cities and regions of the country are not well known. Satellite measurements serve as an alternative approach to study air quality in regions were surface measurements are not available. The aim of this study is to perform a spatial and temporal assessment of PM in the ambient air of Colombia. We used Aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite of NASA and surface measurements from the air quality networks of Bogota, Medellin and Bucaramanga. In a first step, we estimated the correlation between MODIS-AOD and monthly average surface measurements (2000 to 2015) from these three cities, obtaining correlation coefficient R values over 0.4 for the cities under study. After, we used AOD and $PM_{10}$ measurements to study the temporal evolution of PM in different cities and regions. Finally, we used AOD measurements to identify cities and regions with the highest AOD levels in Colombia. All the methods presented in this paper may serve as an example for other countries or regions to identify and prioritize locations that require the implementation of more accurate air quality measurements.

주제어

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper

* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.

문제 정의

Using the AOD data, the air quality of the 32 capital cities along Colombia was evaluated. The analysis developed leads to a possible relationship between anthropogenic activities with air quality. Furthermore, also biogenic sources of aerosols like soil erosion, marine salt, African dust, etc.
This study identifies the places in Colombia where it is necessary to implement measurements with new air quality monitoring networks, or upgrade the actual ones. For the city of Bucaramanga is required to reactivate air quality variables monitoring suspended in 2011.

제안 방법

The approach suggested in this first study can be used by developing countries worldwide, mainly African and Latin American Countries, as an alternative to complement surface air quality measurements, or for investment planning in Air quality monitoring systems upgrading or in new implementation.
The city of Bucaramanga, located in the Andina region has also shown high AOD levels; measurements of their AQMN in surface and collected AOD data support this observation. Unfortunately, air quality measurements were suspended in 2011.
The data was analyzed using initially a quantitative test of normality (Shapiro-Wilk) to determine the behavior of the variables and a better approach to develop a correlation in an accurate way, leading to conclude the variables have a non-normal distribution except for Bogota’s PM10 due to the big amount of data available for this city.
The detailed seasonal analysis of the data is based in the box plots of the monthly accumulated AOD values per regions in the country, and the precipitation rates, the main meteorological variable to characterize the seasons in Latin American tropical regions.
The main goal of this study is to perform a temporal and spatial analysis of air quality in Colombia using AOD and AQMN PM₁₀ data in the period from 2000 to 2015. We used AOD retrieved from NASA MODIS and surface measurements from Bogota, Medellin and Bucaramanga.
For PM₁₀ data Bogota presented is the only city with normal distribution of the data, this due to the big amount of data from the AQMN of the city in comparison to the other 2 cities. Therefore, these results validate the use of a nonparametric approach (Spearman correlation) in the 3 cities to correlate AOD-MODIS and PM₁₀ concentrations data.
This study points to an important approach for air quality measurement and assessment in Colombia using satellite data. This study can be reproduce in other countries of the region to assess air quality patterns based in aerosols from biogenic and anthropogenic sources.

대상 데이터

1. 3Air quality data in the period between 2000 and 2015 for the Colombian cities: Bogota, Bucaramanga and Medellin. (a) Monthly averaged PM₁₀ concentration data (μg/m³) from the air quality monitoring networks, (b) Monthly averaged AOD 0.
data are available from August 2007. The data is measured by 10 station along the urban area. The AQMN of Medellin is being currently upgraded to assess the high pollution events in the city in recent years (Ramírez et al.
Using the AOD data, the air quality of the 32 capital cities along Colombia was evaluated. The analysis developed leads to a possible relationship between anthropogenic activities with air quality.

이론/모형

The correlation of PM₁₀ concentrations from AQMN with AOD in the 3 cities was developed using a Spearman linear correlation. Graphical results regarding dispersion of data points and statistical parameters according to a Spearman linear regression are shown in Fig.

성능/효과

Moreover, it was also observed that AOD values in Bogota, Medellin and Bucaramanga have a nonnormal distribution, based on a Shapiro Wilk value lower than 0.05. For PM₁₀ data Bogota presented is the only city with normal distribution of the data, this due to the big amount of data from the AQMN of the city in comparison to the other 2 cities.

후속연구

However, in all cases further studies and measurements are required to fully understand the situation and the events, as occurs in the city of Montería and other places from Caribe region for example. Future research must consider in detail meteorology, topography and anthropogenic issues. As a recommendation there are 3 good alternatives with possibilities to be implemented as approaches in air quality modeling considering in detail the different variables involved: Air Quality Modeling (AQM), Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) (Lanzaco et al.

참고문헌 (42)

aqicn (2018) Contaminacion del aire de Bogota: Mapa de la calidad del aire en tiempo real. Retrieved January 2, 2018, from http://aqicn.org/map/bogota/es/.
Cardenas, S.G., Arias, P.A., Vieira, S.C. (2017) The African Easterly Waves over Northern South America. Proceedings 10, 165-174.
Castellanos, P., Boersma, K.F., Torres, O., De Haan, J.F. (2015) OMI tropospheric $NO_2$ air mass factors over South America: Effects of biomass burning aerosols. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, 3831-3849.
Chacon, L.M. (2015) Efecto De Los Incendios Forestales Sobre La Calidad Del Aire En Dos Ciudades Colombianas. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota.
Comision de Regulacion de Energia y Gas (CREG), Ministerio de Minas y Energia (1999) Resolucion 071 de1999 - Reglamento Unico de Transporte de Gas Natural (RUT). Retrieved July 27, 2017, from http://www.ecopetrol.com.co/documentos/42634_CREG071-99.pdf.
Cuellar, Y., Buitrago-Tello, R., Belaleazar-Ceron, L.-C. (2016) Life cycle emissions from a bus rapid transit system and comparision with other modes of passenger transportation. Ct&F-Ciencia Tecnologia Y Futuro 6,123-134.

상세보기
DANE (2006) Censo General 2005. Retrieved from http://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/censo-general-2005-1.
Duncan, B.N., Prados, A.I., Lamsal, L.N., Liu, Y., Streets, D.G., Gupta, P., Hilsenrath, E., Kahn, R.A., Nielsen, J.E., Beyersdorf, A.J., Burton, S.P., Fiore, A.M., Fishman, J., Henze, D.K., Hostetler, C.A., Krotkov, N.A., Lee, P., Lin, M., Pawson, S., Pfister, G., Pickering, K.E., Pierce, R.B., Yoshida, Y., Ziemba, L.D. (2014) Satellite data of atmospheric pollution for U.S. air quality applications: Examples of applications, summary of data end-user resources, answers to FAQs, and common mistakes to avoid. Atmospheric Environment 94, 647-662.

상세보기
Environment Magistery of Colombia. V. Y. D. T. RESOLUCION 0601 DE 2006. Retrieved October 16, 2017,from http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i19983#0.
Environment Magistery of Colombia. V. Y. D. T. RESOLUCION 0610 DE 2010. Retrieved October 16, 2017,from http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i39330.
Environment Magistery of Colombia. V. Y D. T. RESOLUCION 18 2087 DE 2007. Retrieved January 2, 2018, from http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i28296.
Fajardo, O.A., Rojas, N.Y. (2012) Particulate matter exposure of bicycle path users in a high-altitude city. Atmospheric Environment 46, 675-679.

상세보기
IDEAM (Instituto de Estudios Ambientales - Environmental Studies Institute). Retrieved January 2, 2018, from http://www.sisaire.gov.co:8080/faces/portal/default.jsp.
Kumar, A., Jimenez, R., Belalcazar, L.C., Rojas, N.Y. (2016) Application of WRF-Chem model to simulate $PM_{10}$ concentration over Bogota. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 16, 1206-1221.

상세보기
LA MINISTRA DE AMBIENTE Y DESARROLLO TERRITORIAL (2017) Resolucion 2254 de 2017. Bogota.
Lanzaco, B.L., Olcese, L.E., Palancar, G.G., Toselli, B.M. (2016) A method to improve MODIS AOD values: Application to South America. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 16, 1509-1522.

상세보기
National Aero Space Administration (NASA) (2016) Earth Observatory.
National Aero Space Administration (NASA). Geospatial Interactive Online Visualization and Analysis Infrastructure (Giovanni). Retrieved October 16, 2017, from https://giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovanni/#serviceTmAvMp&starttime&endtime&bbox-180,-90,180,90&variableFacetsdataFieldMeasurement%3AAerosolOptical Depth%3B.
National Aero Space Administration (NASA). Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Web. Retrieved January 2, 2018, from https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/.
National Congress of Colombia. Ley 1205 de 2008 Nivel Nacional: niveles de azufre en combustibles a nivel nacional. Retrieved January 2, 2018, from http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i31441.
Perez P, M.P., Henderson, B.H., Nedbor-Gross, R., Pachon, J.E. (2016) Natural mitigation factor adjustment for resuspended particulate matter emissions inventory for Bogota, Colombia. Atmospheric Pollution Research, Submitted, 1-9.
Ramirez, O., AM, S. de la C., Amato, F., Catacoli, R.A., Rojas, N.Y., de la Rosa, J. (2018) Chemical composition and source apportionment of $PM_{10}$ at an urban background site in a high e altitude Latin American megacity. Environmental Pollution Journal 233, 142-155.

상세보기
Ramos, R., Cantillo, V., Arellana, J., Sarmiento, I. (2017) From restricting the use of cars by license plate numbers to congestion charging: Analysis for Medellin, Colombia. Transport Policy 60, 119-130.

상세보기
Reddington, C.L., Butt, E.W., Ridley, D.A., Artaxo, P., Morgan, W.T., Coe, H., Spracklen, D.V. (2015) Air quality and human health improvements from reductions in deforestation-related fire in Brazil. Nature Geoscience 10, 768-771.
Rodriguez-Villamizar, L.A., Berney, C., Villa-Roel, C., Ospina, M.B., Osornio-Vargas, A., Rowe, B.H. (2016) The role of socioeconomic position as an effect-modifier of the association between outdoor air pollution and children's asthma exacerbations: An equity-focused systematic review. Reviews on Environmental Health 31,297-309.

상세보기
Rodriguez-Villamizar, L.A., Castro-Ortiz, H., Rey-Serrano, J.J. (2012) The effects of air pollution on respiratory health in susceptible populations: a multilevel study in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Cadernos de Saude Publica 28, 749-757.

상세보기
Rojas, N., Rojas, J., Fisicas, F.D.C., Nacional, U., San, M. De. (2015) Study of the dynamics of aerosol optical thickness in Peru and satellites in 2000-2013 period. Revista de Investigacion de Fisica, 18.
Sarigiannis, D.A., Karakitsios, S.P., Kermenidou, M.V. (2015) Health impact and monetary cost of exposure to particulate matter emitted from biomass burning in large cities. Science of the Total Environment 524-525, 319-330.

상세보기
Saunders, R.O., Kahl, J.D.W., Ghorai, J.K. (2014) Improved estimation of $PM_{2.5}$ using Lagrangian satellitemeasured aerosol optical depth. Atmospheric Environment 91, 146-153.

상세보기
Secretaria Distrital de Ambiente (SDA). Red de Monitoreo de Calidad del Aire de Bogota (RMCAB)-Ambiente Bogota - Secretaria Distrital de Ambiente. Retrieved October 2, 2017, from http://201.245.192.252:81/.
SDA-RMCAB (2016) Secretaria Distrital de Ambiente de Bogota - Red de Monitoreo de la Calidad del Aire.
SIAC, IDEAM (2015) Informe nacional del aire - IDEAM. Retrieved March 18, 2018, from http://www.siac.gov.co/informenalaire.
Silva, R.a., West, J.J., Zhang, Y., Anenberg, S.C., Lamarque, J.-F., Shindell, D.T., Collins, W.J., Dalsoren, S., Faluvegi, G., Folberth, G., Horowitz, L.W., Nagashima, T., Naik, V., Rumbold, S., Skeie, R., Sudo, K., Takemura, T., Bergmann, D., Cameron-Smith, P., Cionni, I., Doherty, R.M., Eyring, V., Josse, B., MacKenzie, I.a., Plummer, D., Righi, M., Stevenson, D.S., Strode, S., Szopa, S., Zeng, G. (2013) Global premature mortality due to anthropogenic outdoor air pollution and the contribution of past climate change. Environmental Research Letters, 8.

상세보기
Tomasi, C., Lupi, A., Mazzola, M., Stone, R.S., Dutton, E.G., Herber, A., Radionov, V.F., Holben, B.N., Sorokin, M.G., Sakerin, S.M., Terpugova, S.A., Sobolewski, P.S., Lanconelli, C., Petkov, B.H., Busetto, M., Vitale, V. (2012) An update on polar aerosol optical properties using POLAR-AOD and other measurements performed during the International Polar Year. Atmospheric Environment 52, 29-47.

상세보기
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). Unidata.Network Common Data Form (NetCDF). Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) Retrieved January 2, 2018, from ttps://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/.
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (UPB). Seguimiento de la Calidad del Aire en el Valle de Aburra (SCALAR) RMCA de Medellin. Retrieved October 17, 2017, from http://modemed.upb.edu.co/zigma2/index.php?optioncom_content&viewcategory&layoutblog&id93&Itemid500.
Verma, S., Boucher, O., Upadhyaya, H.C., Sharma, O.P. (2013) Variations in sulphate aerosols concentration during winter monsoon season for two consecutive years using a general circulation model. Atmosfera 26, 360-367.
Vijayakumar, K., Devara, P.C.S. (2012) Variations in aerosol optical and microphysical properties during an Indian festival observed with space-borne and ground-based observations. Atmosfera 25, 381-395.

상세보기
WHO (2006) Air Quality Guidelines: Global Update 2005. Particulate Matter, Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide. World Health Organization.
Yan, X., Shi, W.Z., Zhao, W.J., Luo, N.N. (2014) Impact of aerosols and atmospheric particles on plant leaf proteins. Atmospheric Environment 88, 115-122.

상세보기
Zarate, E., Carlos Belalcazar, L., Clappier, A., Manzi, V., Van den Bergh, H. (2007) Air quality modelling over Bogota, Colombia: Combined techniques to estimate and evaluate emission inventories. Atmospheric Environment 41, 6302-6318.

상세보기
Zimmerman, W.B., Zandi, M., Hemaka Bandulasena, H.C., Tesar, V., James Gilmour, D., Ying, K. (2011) Design of an airlift loop bioreactor and pilot scales studies with fluidic oscillator induced microbubbles for growth of a microalgae Dunaliella salina. Applied Energy 88, 3357-3369.

상세보기

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증