아시아 지역의 인구증가와 하천주변 및 삼각주 평야 저지대의 인구밀도 집중으로 인해 우기 시 아시아의 많은 지역에서 홍수로 인한 대규모 인명 및 재산 피해가 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 NOAA에서 제공하는 1992년부터 2003년까지의 나이트라이트 위성영상자료를 수집하여 인명 및 재산피해 정보와의 상호 공간분석을 통해 메콩강 유역의 홍수피해에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 인명 및 재산피해 자료는 EM-DAT에서 제공하는 지역 공간분포자료를 활용하였으며, 메콩강 주하천 격자로 부터 모든 임의 격자의 떨어진 거리를 계산하여 해당 격자에서의 나이트라이트 강도와 인명 및 재산피해와의 상관분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 나이트라이트 강도가 클수록 홍수피해가 큰 것으로 분석되었으며, 특히, 하천으로부터 가까운 거리에서 나이트라이트 강도가 높게 나타났다. 이는 높은 나이트라이트 강도를 갖는 격자, 즉 인구밀집도가 상대적으로 높은 격자가 메콩강 하천주변으로 분포되어 있으며, 홍수피해와 양의 상관관계를 갖고 있음을 의미한다. 이와 같이 나이트라이트 위성영상정보는 에너지소비, 재해 등 다양한 공간분석을 통해 사회경제적 영향성 평가를 위한 대리변수로 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.
아시아 지역의 인구증가와 하천주변 및 삼각주 평야 저지대의 인구밀도 집중으로 인해 우기 시 아시아의 많은 지역에서 홍수로 인한 대규모 인명 및 재산 피해가 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 NOAA에서 제공하는 1992년부터 2003년까지의 나이트라이트 위성영상자료를 수집하여 인명 및 재산피해 정보와의 상호 공간분석을 통해 메콩강 유역의 홍수피해에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 인명 및 재산피해 자료는 EM-DAT에서 제공하는 지역 공간분포자료를 활용하였으며, 메콩강 주하천 격자로 부터 모든 임의 격자의 떨어진 거리를 계산하여 해당 격자에서의 나이트라이트 강도와 인명 및 재산피해와의 상관분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 나이트라이트 강도가 클수록 홍수피해가 큰 것으로 분석되었으며, 특히, 하천으로부터 가까운 거리에서 나이트라이트 강도가 높게 나타났다. 이는 높은 나이트라이트 강도를 갖는 격자, 즉 인구밀집도가 상대적으로 높은 격자가 메콩강 하천주변으로 분포되어 있으며, 홍수피해와 양의 상관관계를 갖고 있음을 의미한다. 이와 같이 나이트라이트 위성영상정보는 에너지소비, 재해 등 다양한 공간분석을 통해 사회경제적 영향성 평가를 위한 대리변수로 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.
High population density in deltaic settings, especially in Asia, tends to increase and causes coastal flood risk because of lower elevations and significant subsidence. Large flood annually causes numerous deaths and huge economic losses. In this paper, an innovative technology of spatial satellite ...
High population density in deltaic settings, especially in Asia, tends to increase and causes coastal flood risk because of lower elevations and significant subsidence. Large flood annually causes numerous deaths and huge economic losses. In this paper, an innovative technology of spatial satellite imagery has been used as tool to analyze the socio-economic flood-related damage in Mekong river basin. The relationship between nightlight intensity and flood damages has been determined for the period of 1992-2013 with a spatial resolution of 30 arc sec ($0.0083^{\circ}$), which is nearly one kilometer at the equator. Flow path distance was calculated to identify the distance of each cell to river network and to examine how nightlight intensity correlate to the area close to and far from river network. Statistical analysis results highlight the significant correlation between nocturnal luminosity intensity and flood-related damages in countries along the Mekong river (i.e., Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, Thailand, and Vietnam). This result reveals that the areas close to the river network correspond to high human distribution and causes huge damage during flooding. The result may provide key information to the region with respect to decisions, attentions, and mitigation strategies.
High population density in deltaic settings, especially in Asia, tends to increase and causes coastal flood risk because of lower elevations and significant subsidence. Large flood annually causes numerous deaths and huge economic losses. In this paper, an innovative technology of spatial satellite imagery has been used as tool to analyze the socio-economic flood-related damage in Mekong river basin. The relationship between nightlight intensity and flood damages has been determined for the period of 1992-2013 with a spatial resolution of 30 arc sec ($0.0083^{\circ}$), which is nearly one kilometer at the equator. Flow path distance was calculated to identify the distance of each cell to river network and to examine how nightlight intensity correlate to the area close to and far from river network. Statistical analysis results highlight the significant correlation between nocturnal luminosity intensity and flood-related damages in countries along the Mekong river (i.e., Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, Thailand, and Vietnam). This result reveals that the areas close to the river network correspond to high human distribution and causes huge damage during flooding. The result may provide key information to the region with respect to decisions, attentions, and mitigation strategies.
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문제 정의
In this paper we investigate the presence of human distribution and the flood damage along the stream in Mekong river region. The satellite-based nighttime light was used as tool representing human presence and economic activity from 1992 to 2013.
Flood preparedness strategies do not respond in timely manner to the immediate risks of flood events, which has resulted in large damages in past decades. This paper aims to identify the areas where flood risks are subjected to frequently occur. To achieve this objective, we examined relationship between the nightlight satellite imagery with flood damage and the distance to stream network; explored the statistical correlations between distance class from river network and flood-related damages along the Mekong river.
제안 방법
The data covers a large range of spatial resolutions, starting from 3 arc sec, and covers nearly ±60 degrees latitude. As such, the river network, digital elevation model (DEM), and flow direction were selected with the same spatial resolution as the nighttime light data (i.e., 30 arc sec) to use in this research. The HydroSHEDS data has been widely used in many research on flood prediction, stream flow forecasting and early flood warming at global scale (Alfieri et al.
The flow length was overlaid with the temporal averagednighttime light digital number during the considered period (1992-2013) to examine the distribution correlation. EM-DAT flood related-damages were defined in terms of the amount of damage per unit area.
This paper aims to identify the areas where flood risks are subjected to frequently occur. To achieve this objective, we examined relationship between the nightlight satellite imagery with flood damage and the distance to stream network; explored the statistical correlations between distance class from river network and flood-related damages along the Mekong river.
The data sets are cloud-free composites made using DMSP-OLS smooth resolution data. Two satellites were operating simultaneously in during some years (1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007); therefore, a new satellite raster image is calculated by averaging the overlapping satellites (Table 1). The available dataset extends from -180 to +180 degrees longitude and -65 to +75 degrees latitude.
대상 데이터
Digital nightlight series were surveyed by the US Air Force Weather Agency under the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) by operating six satellites carrying the Operational Linescan System (OLS). The products are freely downloaded from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, 2016) of the National Geographical Data Center.
The nighttime light dataset covers a 22-year period from 1992 to 2013 (Table 2). The data comprise detected lights from cities, towns, industrial sites, and gas flares. Some irrelevant information such as sunlight, moonlight, glare, ephemeral incident, cloud, and aurora light were excluded from the observation.
The data for this article is available at NOAA Earth Observation Group (http://ngdc.noaa.gov/eog /dmsp/down loadV4composites.html), USGS HydroSHEDS (http://hydro sheds.cr.usgs.gov/index.php), and EM-DAT (http:// www. emdat.be/database).
The original data sets are in raster format (GeoTiff) with a spatial resolution of 30 arc sec (0.00833°), corresponding to nearly 1 km at the equator.
성능/효과
6 illustrates the relationship between the temporal average nighttime value and the distance from river network within the considered period 1992-2013 for the entire Mekong river basin and each individual country. The result points out that areas close to the river network correspond to high nightlight values; coincidentally, lower values are located in more remote areas in the basin as well as Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, Thailand, and Vietnam. In the case of Cambodia, nighttime light intensity nearly decreases linearly from 2.
36. The results clearly identified that the areas closer to the stream network in the Mekong river basin confront with high flood-related damage (i.e., number of affected people and economic loss) while the further areas from river networks correspond less flood hazard risk.
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